Z 56 
1.D2774 
[Copy 1 



vQtw 



Day's Standard 
Shorthand 





;k?i?;-rkS4^' SiSsa 





Class 2 1 c<rL 

Book iID^7y¥ - 
Copyright^ _ 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



DAY'S STANDARD 
SHORTHAND 



A PHONETIC AND JOINED VOWEL SYSTEM OF SHORTHAND 

SO ARRANGED THAT ANY NUMBER OF VOWELS CAN 

BE OMITTED AT THE OPTION OF THE WRITER 



Unequalled Speed with Legibility 



FOR SELF INSTRUCTION AND FOR USE IN 
SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES 



ALFRED DAY 



Author of "Aid to Graham." 'Complete Shorthand Manual" "Shorthand 
Copy Book," "Day's Modern Shorthand" "Method of Learning the 
Word Signs," "Student's Assistant," "Lesson Sheets," "Day's 
Dictation Book," "Day's Shorthand Course by Mail," 
"Shorthand Dictionary," etc., teacher and reporter 
of thirty-nine years' experience, Princi- 
pal of Day's School of Shorthand, 
Cleveland, Ohio. 



Published by the Author 

CLEVELAND, O. 

1904. 



LIBRARY Of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

DEC 16 1904 

Q Coyyrigm Entry 
CUSS <*- XXc, Noi 

copy a. 



Zr6 



Copyright 1904, by Alfred Day. 



PRESS OF 

The Whitworth Bros. Co. 
cleveland, ohio 



/ iff 



-v- 






PREFACE. 



There are practically but two systems of shorthand 
in general use today; the Pitmanic with its disjoined 
dots and dashes to represent vowels, and which are 
seldom expressed, and the more modern system of 
joined vowels. 

There are many authors of the former, or rather 
those who have made some change or slight modifica- 
tion of the original Isaac Pitman system, among them 
being Ben Pitman, Graham, Munson, Longley, Osgood- 
by, Burnz, Dement, Barnes, Moran, Brown, Torrey, 
Stein, Davis, Searcy, Day (the author's Complete 
Shorthand Manual), and several others. The only 
claim that these authors can consistently make is in 
the arrangement of the text-book, a few modifications 
and additional lists of word-signs. As a text-book 
some are better than others by reason of the manner 
in which the principles are presented ; one author say- 
ing of another "It is not a fit book to put into the 
hands of a student;" still, from this same book many 
have become excellent writers. 

The system of disjoined vowels, compared with that 
of joined, is more generally used at the present time 
for the reason that it has been before the public 
longer, but the latter is rapidly gaining in numbers, 
and by reason of the constant improvements that are 
being made, its greater legibility, time required to 
learn the principles and attain sufficient speed for 
reporting purposes, it is being introduced into hun- 
dreds of schools formerly using some one of the Pit- 
manic systems. 



Among the authors of joined vowels are the follow- 
ing: Malone, Paterson, Pernin, Gregg and Mosher; 
the alphabet of the first two are the same, also the 
last two; Peinin uses vertical and left oblique strokes, 
and all are light line systems. Unlike the Pitmanic 
systems, the authors of joined vowels are not all 
agreed as to the alphabet, either as to consonants or 
vowels, or the abbreviating principles which are es- 
sential and necessary in every system. 

At first it was claimed that one slope, one position, 
and light lines to represent the consonants was the 
best, was the view taken by the author, and upon this 
principle published his New American Shorthand, a 
very satisfactory work as proven by the result in the 
classroom. About this time we began to test the 
correctness of the principle that a double length stroke 
to express a letter could be more easily and quickly 
written than by making that letter half its former 
length and shaded. It was quickly demonstrated that 
a shaded stroke was more quickly written* and we dis- 
carded that principal and distinguished the pairs of 
consonants by shaded lints; this also gave opportunity 
for positional writing, thus greatly increasing legibil- 
ity and speed by reason of an additional number of 
' 'consonant diphthongs," as well as an increase in the 
number of word-signs readily distinguished by posi- 
tion. 

To make this change necessitated the bringing out 
of a new text-book, and which we named Day's 
Modern Shorthand, a book which could have been 
properly designated as a revision of the New Ameri- 
can. No attempt was made to bring either of the 
books before the public, either by advertising or 
otherwise; being used exclusively in the author's own 
school. The result was gratifying beyond anything 
we had anticipated, and we were led to investigate 
still further along the line of additional abbreviating 
principles for the attainment of speed and legibility, 



PREFACE IX 

the result of the investigation was the method of ex- 
pressing double consonants, consonants and vowels, 
and an increase in the number of syllables, all of 
which can be written with one movement of the 
pen, and presented in the author's new work Day's 
Standard Shorthand. 

Distinguishing the position of words by the first 
vowel, and writing in position words of one and two 
consonants, or longer words of longer outlines by well 
denned rules, makes the system as legible as longhand. 
The vowels need not necessarily be written; this is 
left entirely with the writer, vowels being inserted 
only when legibility would seem to require or easier 
joinings secured. 

The method of learning the word-signs was never 
before presented in any text-book on shorthand, mak- 
ing this part of the student's work a mere pastime in- 
stead of a task to be dreaded. 

The nomenclature following each illustrative word 
and word-sign is a great help in quickly fixing in 
mind the outline for words. 

We do not claim to be the author of the only sys- 
tem of joined vowels, but do claim that we have made 
the best use of shorthand material, presenting a sys- 
tem that is the most easily written, most quickly 
learned, most legible, and meets all the demands of the 
amanuensis, law, and general reporter. 

Separate from the Manual, but considered a part of 
it, are the following Aids and Helps to be used by the 
learner in the study of Day's Standard Shorthand: 

The Student's Assistant and Suggester, consisting 
of remarks to the learner, extended notes on each 
lesson, a ' 'heart to heart talk," as an enthusiastic 
pupil expressed it. They are words of encourage- 
ment at the very beginning of the study, and in such 
plain language — language that would hardly be suita- 
ble for a text-book, that the dullest pupil cannot fail 
in comprehending every principle presented. The 



remarks are a source of encouragement and inspiration 
in the work as each advanced lesson is taken up. 

The Copy-book is 8 x 1 1 inches, containing all the 
writing exercises, the single words in column, with 
nomenclature, and the sentence matter across the 
page with several blank lines below which are to be 
filled in after the lesson has been corrected. Remarks 
and directions for use precede each lesson. 

Ten Advanced Wessons to be used after finishing the 
Manual. These lessons are in shorthand, with key, 
explanatory and notes of reference, the matter consist- 
ing of correspondence (business letters), miscellane- 
ous articles and law. Remarks and directions for prac- 
tice precede each division of the different kinds of 
reporting. 

A sample Note-book (not the regular number of 
pages) to show the quality of paper, the kind of note- 
book and how the same is to be used. 

The Manual, and the Aids and Helps, as noted 
above, are considered as one series and sold together, 
not separately, unless otherwise specified; price $2.00. 

The writer's thirty years' experience as author and 
teacher of a Pitmanic system of shorthand, and twelve 
as author, investigator and teacher of the more 
modern system of joined vowels, feels justified in say- 
ing that the pupil who cannot learn the art to a prac- 
ticing proficiency from the Manual of Day's Standard, 
will find his vocation lying along some other line than 
that of shorthand. 

ALFRED DAY. 

Cleveland, O., December, 1904. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

PREFACE VII 

TO THE LEARNER XIV 

ALPHABET ? XVI 

FIRST LESSON : 

Manner of Writing the Consonants 1 

Consonant Digraphs 1 

Method of Learning the Consonants 2 

Consonants 3 

Writing Exercise — 4 

Review Questions 4 

SECOND LESSON: 

Vowels and Diphthongs 4 

Table of Vowels 5 

Manner of Learning the Vowels 5 

Diphthongs 6 

Table of Diphthongs 6 

Manner of Joining the Circle Vowels 7 

Method of Joining the Semi-Circle Vowels 8 

Joining the Diphthongs 9 

Review Questions 9 

THIRD LESSON : 

Method of Writing Vowels Between Consonants 10 

Rules for Writing Circle Vowels Between Consonants 10 

Rules for Writing Hook Vowels Between Consonants 11 

Review Questions ..'.'. 13 

FOURTH LESSON : 

Position of Words of One Consonant 13 

Rules for Writing in Position Words of One Consonant 14 

Reading Exercise 15 

Writing' Exercise 15 

Review Questions 16 

FIFTH LESSON : 

Position of Words of Two Consonants 16 

Rules for Writing in Position Words of Two Consonants 16 

Reading Exercise 19 

Writing Exercise 20 

Review Questions 21 



CONTENTS 



SIXTH LESSON : 

Word-Signs ; 21 

Nomenclature 22 

Method of Learning the Word-Signs 22 

Consonant Word-Signs 25 

Dot, Dash, and Circle Word-Signs 27 

Semi-Circle Word-Signs 27 

Alphabetical List of Consonant. Dot. Dash and Semi-Circle 

Sign- Words 28 

Review Questions 29 

SEVENTH LESSON : 

Plural Number, Possessive Case, Prefixes, Affixes 30 

Initials, Proper Names. Numbers, Punctuation Marks 31 

Reading Exercise 32 

Writing Exercise 33 

Review Questions v 33 

EIGHTH LESSON : 

Omission of Vowels 34 

Omission of Consonants 35 

Reading Exercise 37 

Writing Exercise .... 38 

Review Questions 39 

NINTH LESSON : 

Lengthening 40 

Shortening 43 

Reading Exercise 43 

Writing Exercise 44 

Review Quastions 46 

TENTH LESSON : 

Word-Signs of One Consonant with Vowels 47 

Sign-Words of One Consonant with Vowels. Alphabetically 

Arranged 48 

Reading Exercise 49 

Writing Exercise 50 

ELEVENTH LESSON : 

Shading 51 

Combined Consonants — 53 

Reading Exercise 55 

Writing Exercise 56 

Review Questions 57 

TWELFTH LESSON : 

Vowels Combined with Consonants 58 

Reading Exercise 62 

Writing Exercise 63 

Review Questions 63 



CONTENTS Xlll 

THIRTEENTH LESSON: 

Word-Signs of Two Consonants, with Vowels 64 

Reading Exercise 72 

Writing Exercise 73 

FOURTEENTH LESSON : 

Prefixes 74 

Disjoined Prefixes 75 

Prefix Principles 79 

Reading Exercise 81 

Writing Exercise 82 

Review Questions 84 

FIFTEENTH LESSON : 

Affixes 85 

Affix Principles 91 

Reading Exercise 92 

Writing Exercise 93 

Review Questions 95 

SIXTEENTH LESSON : 

Phrase Writing 96 

Position 98 

Variation of Outline for Word-Signs 98 

He and Should . 99 

We, With, Were and You 99 

It, All, Our 101 

Ing the. Ing a, Ing an, Ing their, Ing there 102 

Of the, To, Numbers 102 

Rules for Phrase Writing 104 

Commercial and Irregular Phrases 105 

Reading Exercise 110 

Writing Exercise Ill 

Review Questions 112 

SEVENTEENTH LESSON : 

Miscellaneous Principles and Suggestions 112 

A list of Simple Phrases 115 

Reading Exercise 115 

Writing Exercise 116 

Review Questions 117 

Suggestions 117 

EIGHTEENTH LESSON : 

Reporting Word-Signs 120 

Reading Exercise 126 

Writing Exercise 126 

Vocabulary 127 

CONCLUSION 135 



TO THE LEARNER. 



The value of a knowledge of shorthand being uni- 
versally conceded, there is no longer any necessity for 
authors to set forth the advantages of the art to any 
person of whatever profession or occupation. -So im- 
portant has the art become that it is now considered 
an indispensable part of a business education; and the 
young men or young women who neglect the oppor- 
tunity of thoroughly mastering the art will, in due 
time, find themselves distanced in the business world 
by those who did not overlook so valuable a consider- 
ation. 

Any young man or young woman who possesses 
patience, perseverance, a desire to learn, and a deter- 
mination to succeed, can master shorthand. There is 
nothing of mystery about the art. It can be more 
easily learned under the instruction of a competent 
teacher, but such assistance is not absolutely neces- 
sary. 

The first lesson must be thoroughly learned before 
the second is taken up; the second before the third, 
and so on to the end of the lessons. 

The writing exercise of each lesson should be writ- 
ten the designated number of times. You should un- 
derstand at the beginning of your study that short- 
hand means to write, and to write rapidly, the out- 
lines for the words. Of course, the characters must 
be traced slowly and with care at first; but after be- 
coming familiar with the exercise, it should be writ- 
ten over until it can be written correctly and at a fair 
rate of speed. 



TO THE LEARNER XV 

Read over everything you write until it can be read 
as fluently as if written in longhand. 

Write small. It will give you greater speed, and, 
having more time to form your characters, your writ- 
ing will be more legible than if written in a ' 'large 
hand." 

Shorthand should be written with a pen. Some 
prefer a gold pen. A fountain pen is used by many, 
and is the best of all. 

Hold the pen as in ordinary writing. 

Black ink, and a quality that flows freely, should be 
used. 

Use note books- that open from you and that are 
made of the best quality of paper. 

When you commence the study of shorthand, you 
should not let a day pass without giving to it some 
portion of your time, even though it is but a few 
minutes; you' will accomplish more in this way than 
by irregular practice. 

Remember that you, and not your teacher, must do 
the studying. 

Master the lesson in hand; the following ones will 
take care of themselves. 

Have faith in your teacher. If you cannot have, 
better make a change. 

Learn to be independent. Do not go to your teacher 
with every puzzling thing you encounter; work it out 
yourself if possible. 

Be studious. Do not do anything which may dis- 
tract other students. 

Be punctual and methodical. 

Every rule requires your careful attention. Do not 
slight one of them. 



CONSONANTS. 



Shorthand 
Sign 


Letter 


— 


T 


■ 


D 


/ 


N 


/* 


M 


/ 


J 


/ 


CH 


\ 


SH 


— 


P 


— N 


B 


^ 


R 


^_y 


L 



Shorthand 
sign 


Letter 


r 


F 


r 


V 


j 


K 


) 


G 


fo*J 


S 


) 


z 


( 


TH 


V 


NG 


V 


W 


\ 


Y 



Long Vowels 

O ee as in eel, E. 

O a " ; '• age, A. 

q a ' " arm. AH. 

C a as in all, AW. 

C. o ' " ope, O. 

C oo '" " ooze, 00. 



Short Vowels 

o i as in z't, i. 

o e li " <?11, e. 

o a " " at, a, 

£■ o as in on, o. 

9 u " " wp, u. 

ci oo '• " foot. oo. 



Diphthongs 

O. i as in fee, I. 

G oi ,: " oil, 01. 

C u as in dwpe, U. 

<D ou " " out, OU. 



DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



FIRST LESSON. 

In taking up the study of Shorthand the first thing you have to do is 
to learn the Consonant Alphabet, and this, your first work, must be done 
thoroughly; it must not be slighted in any particular. The Consonants 
only are presented in this lesson; the Vowels in the next. You will 
notice that the letters are not presented in the order of the common 
alphabet but in that order which experience has shown to be the best; 
the straight line consonants being presented first and then the curves 

Manner of Writing the Consonants. 

i. The consonants are of three lengths, as follows: 
D, M, B, L, are called the four long letters; S the short 
one; H the dot; the balance, the full length letters. 
The four long letters are one third longer than the 
full length letters, and this distinction, the short letter 
S, and the shaded ones must be carefully noted and 
written exactly as in the copy. 

2. The horizontal letters, T, D, P, B, R, L, are 
written from left to right; N and M are written upward 
from the line of writing, and are more slanting than 
J and CH ; the balance of the letters are written 
downward. 

3. J, V, G, Z, NG, are shaded letters, the curved 
lines being shaded in the middle only. The signs for 
SH, Z, TH, are the only vertical letters. W, Y, NG, 
are called the back-hand letters or the left oblique ; 
all the others, except the horizontals and H, have the 
ordinary long hand slant, that is, the right oblique. 

Consonant Digraphs. 

4. The consonant digraphs CH, SH, TH, NG, 
although letters representing but a single sound, are 
named as two letters as given in the list of consonants 
but if preferred may be named as follows : CH, Chay; 



2 DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

SH, Ish ; TH, Ith ; NG, Ing. In his nomenclature 
the author has used the two letters in preference to 
the single name. 

5. The distinguishing of the hard sound of SH as 
si in vision, and that of TH in they, by giving these " 
sounds a separate sign, is unnecessary and they have 
been omitted from the list of consonants, the former 
being represented by SH and the latter by TH. No 
trouble will ever be experienced in determining which 
sound of these letters the sign represents. 

6. The letters C, Q and X in the common alphabet 
are not recognized in the phonetic systems of short- 
hand as separate letters, except when used as initials ; 
c representing the sound of s or k, the sound of s for 
c in cent, and that of k for c in cat ; q the sound of k 
for q in quick ; x the sound of ks for x in extra, or 
that' of gz for x in example. 

Method of Learning the Consonants. 

7. In order to assist you in learning the consonants 
we have prepared two slips, one containing the first 
column of letters as presented in the Manual, the 
other the second, and are inserted between pages 2 
and 3. In using the slips the following instructions 
are to be followed : place No. 1 on your note book 
just above the ruled line and copy the shorthand signs 
neatly and correctly, carefully noting the size, length, 
slant, and shade, then move the slip down over the 
line just written and copy it again, and so on until it 
has been copied twenty-five times. At the time of 
writing you must speak the name of the letter ; thus, 
T, D, N, M, J, CH, etc. Slip No. 2 is to be used 
in exactly the same manner as No. 1. In copying 
write both signs for the letter S ; the sign that is 
written by moving the pen to the left is called the 
left-hand S, the one to the right the right-hand S. 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 3 

8. The sign for G represents the hard sound of 
that letter as g in get and go; the soft sound of g is 
that of j as g in gem. 



9- 


Consonants. 




lorthand 
sign 


Letter 


Shorthand 
sign 


Letter 





T 


r 


F 




D 


r 






V 


X 


N 


j 


K 


/ 


M 


) 


G 


/ 


J 


(°-> 


S 


/ 


CH 


) 


z 



SH 
P 



V 



io. After copying. the alphabet as directed, and as 
many times, the following exercise should be practiced 
until it can be written, from dictation, neatly and 
correctly, in two minutes. In this lesson write both 
signs for S. 



day's standard shorthand. 



Writing Exercise. 

CH, F, TH, P, Z, T, K, W, L, N, B, NG, S, H, 
R, M, G, V, SH, Y, S, J, TH, R, T, H, P, CH, TH, 
K, W, L,, Z, F, J, M, SH, V, R, NG, Y, G, D, S, B, 
TH, Z, CH, R, M, K, P, F, SH, TH, S, W, Y, M, 
R, J, B, V, NG, R, G, H, M, L,, D, Z, V, N. 

Until the learner can give appropriate answers to the questions in 
the lesson he is studying it is evident that he does not understand the 
principles presented, and should not permit himself, nor be permitted 
by the teacher to proceed to the next until he is able to answer every 
question, correctly read and readily write the exercise presented in the 
lesson, and not until then, and the pleasure he will experience in taking 
up each new lesson will be in proportion to his comprehension of and 
the faithful study given to the preceding one. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW— FIRST LESSON. 

The consonants are of how many lengths? Name the four long 
letters. What letter is expressed by two very short curves? What is 
the name of the sign for S that is written to the left? . The one written 
to the right? Which letter is expressed by a dot? Name some of the 
full length letters. The long letters are how much longer than the full 
lengths? Name the horizontal letters. In what direction are the letters 
N and M always to be written? Which are written the more slanting, J 
and CH or N and M? Name the shaded letters. Name the three vertical 
letters. Name the three back-hand letters. What three letters are not 
recognized in shorthand except when used as initials? Does the sign for 
Gr represent the hard or soft sound of. that letter? 



SECOND LESSON. 



Vowels and Diphthongs. 

In the first lesson was presented a part of the shorthand alphabet 
only— the consonants ; in this lesson it is completed by the presentation 
of the vowels and diphthiongs. 

ii. All the phonetic systems of shorthand recog- 
nize twelve vowel sounds ; six long and six short, and 
the signs by which these sounds are represented are 
large and small circles, large and small semi-circles. 



DAY'S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 5 

The sounds the signs represent are indicated by the 
Italic letter or letters in the illustrative words in the 
following table. 

12. Table of Vowels, 

Large circles represent long vowel sounds. 
O E, the sound of ea as in pea, 1st position. 
O A, '" " " ay " -pay, 2nd 
O AH, " '• " a • pa, 3rd 

Small circles represent short vowel sounds. 
o i, the sound of i as in pz't, 1st position. 
o e, " i; " e " pet, 2nd " 
o a. " '" " a '• pat, 3rd " 

Large semi-circles represent long vowel sounds. 
C AW, the sound of aw as in paze>l, 1st position. 
*=- O, " " " o " pale, 2nd " 
^ 00, '• " " oo " pool, 3rd 

Small semi-circles represent short vowel sounds. 
c o, the sound of o as in lock, 1st position. 
<^r u, " '" '" u " lwck, 2nd 
9 oo, " '" " oo - look, 3rd 

Manner of Learning the Vowels. 

13. To learn the vowels repeat the sounds over 
and over ; thus, K, A, AH, the large circles ; i, e, a, 
the small circles ; AW, O, OO, the large semi-circles ; 
o, u, 00, the small semi-circles. At the time of 
repeating the vowel sound fix in the mind not only 
the sign but the position ; thus, E is a large circle, 
first position ("position" being explained in the fourth 
lesson), and the printed letter representing the sign is 
a capital B ; A is a large circle with a dash, second 
position, and the printed letter representing the sign 
is a capital A ; a is a small circle with a dot, third 
position, and the printed letter representing the sign 



6 day's standard shorthand. 

is a small a, and so on with all the signs, positions, 
and the printed letters by which the signs are repre- 
sented. 

Nothing will obviate the necessity of repeating and picturing in the 
mind the signs and positions as outlined above, even repeating them a 
thousand times, if it were necessary, so that when you hear a vowel 
sound you can recall instantly its sign : position, and the printed letter 
used to represent the sign. 

The vowels must be learned as thoroughly as the consonants: you 
must know them so well that you can instantly name the four first 
position vowels, the four second position, and the four third position, 
and if asked what sound does the small circle with a dot represent you 
can answer promptly, or the small semi-circle with a dash, and equally 
as prompt as to what sound is represented by the capital double 00. the 
small u. the capital A. the small e. etc. Until you can do this you have 
not learned the vowels. 

Diphthongs. 

14. A diphthong is the union of two vowel sounds 
in one syllable. The phonetic systems of shorthand 
recognize four diphthongs, and their signs and the 
sounds they represent are given in the table below, 
and the same are to be learned in the same manner as 
the vowels, by repeating the sounds and firmly fixing 
the signs for the same in the mind. 

15. Table of Diphthongs. 

o I. the sound of i as in zee, 1st position. 

C2> 01, " oi ' ; oil. 

C2 U, " u •" mwte. 

O 0U, " ou ;> out. 

16. I is a small circle in the first position. Its 
sign and position is the same as that of the short 
sound of that letter, except that it has a dash placed 
above whenever it is deemed necessary to distinguish 
the signs. 01 is ,a semi-circle with a small circle 
attached to the lower part of the semi-circle. U is a 
semi-circle joined to the upper part of the semi-circle. 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 7 

OU is a circle with a line written partly through, or if 
more convenient, completely through the circle. 

17. A material difference between writing words 
in shorthand and longhand is, in the former no silent 
letters are used, words being written precisely as they 
are pronounced, thus ate is written as though it were 
spelled a-t (long a), dough as if it were spelled d-o 
(long o); wtit> r-i-t; freight, f-r-a-t; rough, r-u-f; c 
in cup is k, while in cent it is s; in gem g is j; ph in 
bhrase is f ; in add there is but one d, etc. 

18. The writing exercise of this lesson consists in 
writing each one of the illustrative words three times, 
and at the time of writing spelling the word as indi- 
cated by the printed letters below the shorthand sign. 
The dots and dashes are placed after the vowels, the 
dashes being written parallel with the consonant to 
which the vowel is attached. In this and the follow- 
ing lesson the dots and dashes are to be placed beside 
the vowels; after that they are omitted except in 
isolated and unfamiliar words. 

Method of Joining the Circle Vowels. 

19. The circle vowels are joined to the straight 
consonants, at the beginning and end, by moving the 
pen in a direction contrary to the movements of the 
hands of a clock. 



eat 


each 


day 


ma 


age 


itch 


E-T 


E-CH 


D-A 


M-AH 


A-J 


i-CH 


„Q_ 


.....£. 


Q 


Z 


ei 


L. 


etch 


in 


Ed 


am 


ash 


eight 


e-CH 


i-N 


e-D 


a-M 


a-SB 


A-T 


t 


c^r. 


Q 


«£L 


1 


a^... 



20. On curved consonants the circle vowels are 
turned inside the curve. 



8 DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

When s is the only consonant in the word use the 
left-hand s. 

pea bay ale ill Fay Eve egg 

P-E B-A A-L i-L P-A E-V e-G 

<3* iKT^ S^y %S. £, £ 1 

essay sigh say so Issie 

e-S-A S-I S-A S-O i-S-i 

£' <£. ■€, c, C 



Mkthod of Joining the Semi-Circle Vowels. 

21. The semi-circle vowels are, with few excep- 
tions, joined to the consonants as initial (beginning) 
and final hooks. On straight line consonants they 
are written on the same side as the circle vowels and 
on curved consonants are turned inside the curve. 



toe 
T-O 


odd 
o-D 


ought 
AW-T 


Joe 
J-O 


chaw 
CH-AW 


shoe 
SH-OO 


___> 




c. 


I, 


i 


b, 


Poe 
P-O 


up 

U-P 


obey 
O-B-A 


. oak 
O-K 


oath 
O-TH 


home 
H-O-M 


o 


(^ 


...<Q 


21 


.C! 


■</ . 



22. The small circles and hooks should be made 
as small as the ease and convenience of writing will 
permit, the larger circles and hooks being made only 
enough larger to be readily distinguished from the 
small signs. 

23. H is always followed by a vowel and is ex- 
pressed by placing a dot before the vowel, the placing 
being done after the balance of the word has been 
written, the same as we lift the pen to dot an i or 
cross a t in writing longhand; thus, home is written 
O-M, lift the pen and place a dot before the vowel. 
All other words beginning with h would be written in 
the same way. 



day's standard shorthand. 9 

Joining the Diphthongs. 

24. The expressing of the diphthongs is very sim- 
ple; I, by* joining the small circle, and when neces- 
sary, for legibility, placing the dash above or before 
it. OI, with rare exceptions, is expressed by a small 
circle turned inside a hook, but the sign as given in 
the table of diphthongs must be used occasionally as 
in oil. U, is a small circle turned on the consonant 
and from the point where the pen completes the circle 
a hook or semi-circle is turned as shown in the illus- 
trative words below. OU, as already explained is a 
circle with a line struck partly, or if more convenient, 
completely through the circle. 



tie 


my 


ally 


thigh 


boy 


joy 


Roy 


T-I 


M-I 


a-L-1 


TH-I 


B-O] 


J-OI 


R-OI 



■S^J ia £~&. 

oil new cue pew bough Dow 



cow 
OI-L N-U K-U P-U B-OU D-OU K-OU 



If you have mastered the lesson as thoroughly as you ought you are 
now prepared to write any word in the English language consisting of 
one consonant and one or two vowels. As already stated, each sign for 
the illustrative words must be written not less than three times. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW— SECOND LESSON. 

What are the recognized number of vowels? The recognized num- 
ber of diphthongs? What signs or characters are used to represent the 
vowels? Repeat the large circle vowels. The small circle vowels. The 
large semi-circle vowels. The small semi-circle vowels. Repeat the 
four first position vowels. The four second position vowels. The four 
third position vowels. What vowel sound is represented by the capital 
letters AH? By the small e? By the small o? By the capital OO? Bv 
the small u? By the small i? Repeat the vowel sounds in their regular 
order as given in the table. What is a diphthong? Repeat the" four 
diphthongs. Describe the sign for I. The sign for OI. The sign for U. 
The sign for OU. What is one material difference between writing 
words in longhand and shorthand? Of what does the writing exercise 
of this lesson consist? How and where are the dots and dashes placed? 
In what words are the dots and dashes to be placed after the next lesson? 
How are circle vowels joined to straight consonants? How are the 
vowels joined to curved consonants? How are the semi-circle vowels 
joined to consonants? On which side of the straight line consonants are 
the hooked vowels written? On which side of the curved consonants 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



Before what kind of letters does h always occur? How is h expressed in 
shorthand and where is it placed? When necessary, how is the diph- 
thong I expressed to distinguish it from the short "sound? How is OI 
expressed when joined to consonants? How is U expressed when joined 
to consonants? 



THIRD LESSON. 



Method of Writing Vowels Between Conso- 
nants. 

In this lesson you are instructed how to write letters of two conso- 
nants and the method of placing vowels between them. It is very sim- 
ple, consisting merely of writing the letters of the word, one after 
another, the same as in longhand, but with this difference; omit silent 
letters, only those being written which are actually heard in pronounc- 
ing the word. The rules for writing consonants with vowels between 
are given below. 

25. In joining S to a curve use the one that fol- 
lows the direction of the curve; in joining to a 
straight line use the one that makes the sharpest 
angle. 

26. The writing exercise of this lesson consists of 
writing each of the signs in the illustrative words five 
times, and at the time of writing spelling the word as 
outlined in the nomenclature above the sign. The 
dots and dashes, which are used to designate the exact 
vowel sound, are to be placed to the vowels in this 
lesson, but are dropped, with rare exceptions, in all 
subsequent lessons. 

27. Rules for Writing Circle Vowels 

Between Consonants. 

I. Circle vowels between straight consonants in 
the same direction are turned by moving the pen 
contrary to the movements of the hands of a clock. 



DAY'S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



date 


name 


debt 


tide 


man 


D-A-T 


N-A-M 


D-e-T 


T-I-D 


M-a-N 


D_ 


.. * 


^_ 


__ 5: 


^- 



II. Between straight consonants in different direc- 
tions the circle vowels are turned outside the angles. 

jet ditch shed ten mate Jane 

J-e-T D-i-CH RH-e-D T-e-N M-A-T J-A-N 



III. The circle vowels between curves are written 
to the second consonant, that is, to the one that fol- 
lows the vowel, but may be written to the first when 
it is more convenient. 

bail wrap fig sap lamb safe 

B-A-L R-a-P F-i-G S-a-P L-a-M S-A-F 



...f... 



..,#,.. 



28. A circle vowel when written between conso- 
nants will sometimes take the form of a loop, and for 
greater convenience in joining, the slant or curvature 
of a consonant may be considerably varied. 

IV. Circle vowels between straight consonants 
and curves, or curves and straight lines, are written 
in the most convenient manner. 

take shear dip jam bait snow 

T-A-K SH-E-R D-i-P J-a-M B-A-T S-N-0 



29. Rules for Writing Hook Vowels 
Between Consonants. 

I. The hook vowels are joined to the consonants 
following the vowel, but when more convenient may 
be joined to the one preceding. 



day's standard shorthand. 

pole tub room vogue watch 

P-O-L T-u-B R-OO-M V-O-G W-o-CH 



II. Occasionally it will be necessary to write the 
hook Yowels on the back or convex side of the curve, 
as follows: (a) When K, G, P, and B are followed by 
F or V the hook must be written on the convex side 
(back) of the F or V. (b) When K and G are fol- 
lowed by T, D, R, or L, the hook must be written on 
the convex side of the KorG. 

(a) cuff Gove puff cough buff 
K-u-F G-O-V P-u-F K-AW-F B-u-F 

) ^ =2 ^ ±2l 

(b) coat cut goad coal gore cool 
K-O-T K-u-T G-O-D K-O-L G-O-F K-OO-L 

&.. £, 2= (L^. 4, .X^..„ 

III. The semi-circle vowels, instead of the hooks, 
must be used as follows : (a) When K and G are 
followed bv P or B. (b) When R, L, M and N are 
followed by F, V, K, or G. 

(a) cup coop cob cub 

K-u-F K-OO-P K-o-B K-u-B 

<4rr\ Jtti .<y^~>. Ac„X 



(b) enough nook more rook love look 

e-N-u-F N-oo-K M-OO-V R-oo-K L-u-Y L-oo-K 

*&. 2l ZL ±1 rl — r 

30 The combinations K-R, G-R, K-L, G-L are 
joined without a sharp angle. 

cry clay clue grow glow 

K-R-I K-L-A K-L-00 G-R-0 G-L-0 

<j. Cj>y. Lj2. Aa, 4> 



day's standard shorthand. 13 

questions for^ review— third lesson. 

What is the subject of this lesson? In writing shorthand what let- 
ters are omitted? When S is joined to a curve which sign for that letter 
is used? Which S is used when joined to a straight line? The writing 
exercise of this lesson consists of what? The dots and dashes are used 
for what purpose? Circle vowels between consonants in the same direc- 
tion are turned how? Between straight consonants in different direc- 
tions, how? Circle vowels between curves are joined to which conso- 
nant? What form will the circle sometimes take? Is is allowable to 
change the slant or curvature of a consonant? Circle vowels between 
straight consonants and curves, and curves and straight lines are turned 
how? To which consonant is the hook vowel generally joined? When 
, is it necessary to put the hook vowel on the back of F and V ? When is 
it necessary to put the hook vowel on the back of K and O? When must 
the semi-circle vowels be used instead of expressing them as hooks? 
How are such combinations as K-R, G-R, etc., written? 



FOURTH LESSON. 



Position of Words of One Consonant. 

31. In order to do away with the necessity of 
placing the dots and dashes to the vowel signs, and 
also to indicate the exact sound denoted by the sign 
without these distinguishing marks, words are written 
in three positions as regards the line of writing: First 
position, above the line; second position, on the line, 
third position, through or below the line, below if the 
consonant is a horizontal.' The position of the word 
is determined by the vowel, or the first vowel, if the 
word has more than one. 

32. Turning to the table of vowels, section 12, you 
will notice that there are four vowels in each of the 
three positions; four of the first, four of the second, 
and four of the third. The four first position vowels 
are B, i, AW, o; the four second position vowels are 
A, e, O, u; the four third position vowels are AH, a, 
00, 00, and whichever of the above vowels is the first 
in the word determines the position in which the word 
is to be written. 



14 day's standard shorthand. 

Rules for Writing in Position Words of One 
Consonant. 

33. The following rules are to be observed in 
writing in position words of one consonant: 

First position. If the vowel is a first position vowel 
the word is written above the line and is called the 
first position. 



eat 


knee 


fee 


itch 


hog 


odd 


ill 


E-T 


N-E 


F-E 


i-CH 


H-o-G 


o-D 


i-L 


O— 


J> 


g 


f 


) 


c 


^ 



Second position. If the vowel is a second position 
vowel the word is written on the line and is called the 
second position. 



ate 


dough 


up 


ache 


woe 


hush 


ale 


A-T 


D-0 


U-P 


A-K 


W-0 


H-u-SH 


A-L 


..o= 


3 


tr> 


q 


^O 


T 


....£..... 



Third position. If the vowel is a third position 
vowel the word is written below the line, if the conso- 
nant is one of the horizontals, and through the line 
if the consonant is a slanting or vertical stroke, and is 
called the third position. 

pa do abbey ma hatch ash woo 

p-AH D-00 a-B-i M-AH H-a-CH a-SH W-0 

ts ~^=>- ^^ *^~ ■/■ r b" 

34. The diphthongs 01, U. and OU are considered 
second position — on the line. The diphthong I is the 
only one distinguished by having a position Its 
sign is the same as the short sound of that letter, a 
small circle in the first position, but if at any time it 
is necessas3 T to distinguish it from the short sound a 
dash is placed above the sign. 



day's standard shorthand. 15 

buy ice boy cue bough 

B-I I-S B-OI K-U B-O'U 



../C^) 4 srzr§.. 



The copying in your note book each of the illustrative words in this 
lesson three times, and spelling them at the time of writing, as indicated 
by the nomenclature below the sign, must not be neglected. 

The reading exercise of the lesson consists of single words in differ- 
ent positions, and the same are to be studied until the words, which the 
shorthand signs represent, can be spoken as readily as if they had been 
written in longhand. 

Reading Exercise. 



> 



v_Q ^=& rr~^ <o 



P f vp ^ C ir_ / ^o 



-b-*" 



Writing Exercise. 

Following each word in the writing exercise below is the nomencla- 
ture indicating how the word is to be written, and as a matter of con- 
venience to both teacher and pupil, a copy book has been prepared, the 
same containing the words and nomenclature in columns followed by 
blank lines on which the pupil is to write the proper shorthand sign, as 
he understands it. The teacher will then cori'ect, in red ink, the words 
not correctly written, after which the pupil is to carefully note the cor- 
rected outlines and copy each one three times on the blank line follow- 
ing the corrected sign in red ink. 

First position. jam, J-a-M; knee, N-E; Shaw, 
SH-AW; it, i-T; hitch, H-i-CH; eel, E-L; paw, 



1 6 day's standard shorthand. 

P-AW; Eve, E-V; hill H-i-L: Lee, L-E: hawk, 
H-AW-K; ease, E-Z; bee, B-E: hall, H-AW-L; hawk, 
H-AW-K; Waugh, W-AW. Seco?id position, day, 
D-A; ode, 0-D; Joe, J-0: echo, e-K-O; obey, O-B-A; 
ale, A-L; dough, D-0; neigh, N-A; edge, e-J; show, 
SH-O; ebb, e-B; hub, H-u-B; oath, 0-TH; low, 
L-0; Fay, F-A; hen, H-e-N; ale, A-L. Third posi- 
tion, shoe, SH-OO: abbe}\ a-B-i: add, a-D: ooze, 
OO-Z: coo, K-OO; hang, H-a-NG; ash, a-SH; Lou, 
L-OO; hood, H-oo-D; at, a-T. Diphtho?igs. ice, I-S; 
tie, T-I: rve, R-I; boy, B-OI: alloy, a-L-OI; joy, 
J-OI; few, F-U; lieu, L-U; due, D-U: bough, B-OU; 
allow, a-L-OU; now, N-OU: cow, K-OU. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW— FOURTH LESSON. 
For what purpose are words written in position"? Name the three 
positions. What determines the position of the word: Name the four 
first position vowels: the four second position: the four third position. 
Where is the word written if the vowel is third position and the conso- 
nant a horizontal': Where are words written with the diphthong 01. 
U. or OU as the first vowel: In what position are words written when 
the diphthong I is the first vowel ': How may the diphthong I be dis- 
tinguished from the short sound of that letter': 



FIFTH LESSON. 



Position of Words of two Consonants. 

The rules for writing in position words of two consonants are given 
below and the same must be learned perfectly: there must be no slight- 
ing of the work that may be necessary to thoroughly master the rules of 
position. 

35. The position of the word is determined by the 
vowel, or the first vowel, if the word has more than 
one, and the rules for writing the same are given ir 
the rules below. 

36. Rules for Writing in Position Words 

of Two Consonants. 

First Position. If the vowel that determines the 
position is a first position vowel the word is written 



day's standard shorthand. 17 

above the line and is called the first position, and the 
method of writing the same is as follows: The first 
up or down stroke, if the word contains one, should 
rest above the line; if the word contains horizontals 
only, both are written above the line. 

mill meek thin leaf chick 

M-i-L M-E-K TH-i-N L-E-F CH-i-K 

y^ -J £> 2± I. 

witch cough wit Minnie lodge 

W-i-CH K-AW-F W-i-T M-i-N-i L-o-J 



i i- 



lid peep writ lot top 

L-i-D P-E-P R-i-T L-o-T T-o-P 



Second Position. If the vowel determining the position 
is a second position vowel the first up or down letter of 
the word, if it contains one, rests on the line; if the word 
contains horizontals only, both are written on the line. 

game net ledge omen 

G-A-M N-e-T L-e-J O-M-e-N 



JK zr ^± (Z,..„ 



take budge Mary Same earth 

T-A-K B-u-J M-A-R-i S-A-M e-R-TH 



;f CI 2^.. XI ^ 

debt tape pet door let 

D-e-T T-A-P P-e-T D-O-R L-e-T 

Third Position If the vowel determining the posi- 
tion is a third position vowel the first up or down 
stroke, if the word contains one, is written through 
the line; if the word contains horizontal consonants 
only, both are written below the line. 

back move fat moon laugh 

B-a-K M-OO-V F-a-T M-OO-N L-AH-F 

Q ^ & ^ ^ 



i8 



DAY'S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



wag 
W-a-g 



bag 
B-a-G 



.Jab 
J-a-B 



loom 
L-OO-M 



Jack 
J-a-K 



) M: 



lap 
L-a-P 



root tabbv 

R-OO-T T-a-B-i 



>^^ ^^^ ^Sjrs ^*^ u^r-^ 

Diphthongs. As the diphthongs 01, U, and OU 
are readily distinguished from the vowel signs, words 
with these signs as the first vowel may be written on 
the line. As already explained in sections 16 and 
34, the diphthong I is considered a first position 
vowel, and is written the same as the short vowel i; 
the placing of the dash above the sign for I is rarely 
necessary for the purpose of distinction. 

guide pry might boil coil 

G-i-D P-R-I M-I-T B-OI-L K-OI-L 



view 
V-U 



Eunice 
U-N-i-S 



pew 
P-U 



bough 
B-OU 



prow 
P-R-OU 



dC::.: e^.: : r.i On <^~& j^jg 

37. Words of three or more consonants are written 
in the second position, that is, the first up cr down 
stroke should rest on the line. 



scheme 


model 


ladder 


wrecked 


roadway 


S-K-E-M 


M-o-D-L 


L-a-D-R 


R-e-K-T 


R-O-D-W-A 



" skate 

S-K-A-T 



switch 
S-W-i-CH 



38. Many words of three consonants can be writ- 
ten in position as readily as words of two, and many 
advanced writers adopt this method. The rules for 
writing in position words of three or more consonants 
are the same as for words of two; the first up or down 
stroke resting above the line if the first vowel is a first 
position vowel, on the line if it is second position, 



DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 19 

through if it is third position, and below if they are 
all horizontals. The following lines illustrate this 
principle : 



oiiance 
CH-a-N-S 



chicken 
CH-i-K-N 



snatch 
S-N-a-CH 



packet switch 

P-a-K-e-T S-W-i-CH 



../... 



...^... 



:a,... 



limit chasm froth polish 

L-i-M-i-T CH-a-S-M F-R-AW-TH P-o-L-i-SH 



V 

>ple 



dapple 
D-a-P-L 



...J^.... 



i- 



As directed in the preceding lesson, the copying of each shorthand 
outline below the illustrative words three times must not be neglected. 
Practice reading the following words until they can be spoken as readily 
as if written in longhand. 



Reading Exercise 



!> i X 






*4- 



<£^ 



'<L* C- 



^ ^ U 4^ 4^ Jb y ^ 



-f "1 - 



i 



O 



-3> 



^ 



^„, J3 V 



t/ 



(a_ 



X- 



uL 



O2- 



20 day's standard shorthand. 

Writing Exercise. 

The shorthand for the words in the writing exercise should be written 
in the copy book furnished with the Manual, as already explained, and 
in precisely the same manner. 

First Position, witch, W-i-CH; seek, S-E-K; lid, 
L-i-D; ride, R-I-D; wrong, R-AW-NG; wring, 
R-i-NG; wit, W-i-T; mean, M-E-N; sing, S-i-NG; 
watch, W-o-CH; copy, K-o-P-i; sheet, SH-E-T; 
shawl, SH-AW-L; deed, D-E-D; widow, W-i-D-O; 
rip, R-i-P; Zeno, Z-E-N-O; leech, L-E-CH; week, 
W-E-K; fog, F-o-G; log, L-AW-G; yawl, Y-AW-L; 
bite, B-I-T; feet, F-E-T; lot, L-o-T; taught, 
T-AW-T; audit, AW-D i-T; cheat, CH-E-T; cat, 
K-a-T; cot, K-o-T. 

Second Position, load, L-O-D; fame, F-A-M; muddy, 
M-u-D-i; weight, W-A-T; late, L-A-T; boat, B-O-T; 
bet, B-e-T; name, N-AM; shed, SH-e-D; Jennie, 
J-e-N-i; edit, e-D-i-T; loaf, L-O-F; cove, K-O-V; 
putty, P-u-T-i; cut, K-u-T; goal, G-O-L; joke, 
J-O-K; thumb, TH-u-M; cub, K-u-B; Dutch, 
D-u-CH; guess, G-e-S; faith, F-A-TH; efface, 
e-F-A-S; sage, S-A-J; cake, K-A-K; ebony, e-B-O-N-i; 
delay, D-e-L-A; glow, G-L-O; Mary, M-A-R-i; ready, 
R-e-D-i; cave, K-A-V; lucky, L-u-K-i; debt, D-e-T. 

Third Position, gad, G-a-D; fag, F-a-G; Maggie, 
M-a-G-i; room, R-OO-M; yam, Y-a-M; patch, 
P-a-CH; bag, B-a-G; bad, B-a-D; tap, T-a-P; pool, 
P-OO-L; Adam, a-D-a-M; apt, a-P-T; gnash, 
N-a-SH; Madge, M-a-J; accrue, a-K-R-U; lad, L-a-D; 
move, M-OO-V; shabby, SH-a-B-i; Jack, J-a-K; lack, 
L-a-K; wag, W-a-G; look, L-OO-K; sag, S-a-G; 
fool, F-OO-L; nook, N-oo-K; calm, K-AH-M; palm, 
P-AH-M; loot, 1,-OO-T; youth, Y-OO-TH; attack, 
a-T-a-K; agate, a-G-A-T; room, R-OO-M; south, 
S-OU-TH; rule, R-OO-L; coil, K-OI-L; allowed, 
a-L-OU-D; lute, L-U-T; duty, D-U-T-i. 



day's standard SHORTHAND. 21 

Write the following words in position according to the 
rule in section 38. 

chance, CH-a-N-S; panic, P-a-N-i-K; pallid 
P-a-L-i-D; legal, L-E-G-L; bleak, B-L-E-K; malice 
M-a-L-i-S; legion, L-E-J-N; packet, P-a-K-e-T 
bring, B-R-i-NG; snatch, S-N-a-CH; milk, M-i-L-K 
black, B-^-a-K; baker, B-A-K-R; kettle, K-e-T-L 
beggar, B-e-G-R; switch, S-W-i-CH, cute, K-U-T 
toil, T-OI-L; foil, F-OI-L; groove, G-R-OO-V; snap, 
S-N-a-P; taken, T-A-K-N. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW— FIFTH LESSON. 

What determines the position of a word? Where does the first up or 
down stroke of a word in the first position rest? The second position, 
where? The third position where? If the letters of a word in the third 
position are all horizontal where are they written? What position are 
words written with the diphthongs 01, U, and OU as the first vowel? In 
what position are words written with the diphthong I as the first vowel? 
In what position are words written containing more than two conso- 
nants? May the advanced writer write in position words of three conso- 
nants? 



SIXTH LESSON. 



Word-Signs. 



39. More than one half of the words used in ordi- 
nary correspondence are represented by word-signs; 
that is words not written in full, but represented by 
one or more letters of the word written above, on, 
through, or below the line of writing. The sign used 
to represent the word is called a word-sign, and the 
word that is represented by the sign is called a sign 
word. 

The object of having word signs is to gain speed; 
without them it would be impossible for a writer to 
keep up with an ordinary speaker, and for this reason 



22 day's standard shorthand. 

it will be necessary to learn the word- signs perfectly — 
commit them to memory, so that you will be able to 
write them neatly, correctly, each in its proper posi- 
tion, and as quickly as they would be spoken by a 
good reader. 

40. When a sign-word is printed with a hyphen 
the sign represents both the word preceding the 
hyphen and the word composed of the letters before 
and after; thus, give-n represents both give and given; 
charge-d, both charge and charged. 

NOMENCLATURE. 

The naming of the word-signs and outlines for words, aptly called 
"spelling in shorthand," is one of the admirable features of Day's Standard 
Shorthand, enabling the pupil to quickly and more firmly fix the signs 
in mind, and the teacher in giving dictation can dispense almost entirely 
with the necessity of writing the characters on the blackboard or with 
pen or pencil on the paper. In longhand the pupil can write a word 
correctly if he knows the proper spelling, so in shorthand, if he has a 
correct picture in the mind of the outline to be written he can write it 
whether the mental picture for the outline was obtained through the 
organ of sight or the organ of hearing. 

41. The naming of the simple consonants used 
for word-signs are as follows: The superior figure 
following the word indicates the position in which the 
sign is to be written; 1, above the line; 2, on the line; 
3, through or below the line. The letter S, having 
two signs, is named left hand S, or right hand S, ac- 
cording to the direction in which the letter is written; 
if to the left it is abbreviated to 1-h (left hand) S; if 
to the right, r-h (right hand) S. Wherever the ab- 
breviations 1-h and r-h occur you are to speak the 
word for which the abbreviation stands; thus, left 
hand for 1-h, and right hand for r-h. 

Method oe Learning the Word- Signs. 

The method of learning the word-signs as given below is the one that 
will most quickly and surely lead to the mastery of the longest list of 
word-signs ever presented, and the method outlined should be followed 
to the very letter. 



day's standard shorthand. 23 

42. There is furnished with this lesson a sample 
ruled sheet, letter size, with narrow and wide columns. 
The sample is only to show how the sheets are to be 
ruled; the narrow column is for the shorthand signs 
and is half an inch wide, and in some subsequent lists 
five or six-eighths of an inch would be better. The 
wide column is for the longhand transcript of the 
signs and should be about two inches wide. After 
preparing the sheets they are to be used as follows: 

43. Fill the first narrow column with shorthand 
signs, beginning with the sign for "time," followed 
by the sign for "it," and "dollar," and "did," etc., 
until the column is full of the signs in consecutive 
order as given in the lesson. At the time of writing 
the sign speak both the sign and the word; thus; T 
one, time; T two it; T three at and out; D one, dol- 
lar and did; D two, do; D three, had, etc. The 
naming of the signs and the speaking of the word 
must be continued, not only in the learning of this, 
but all subsequent lists. 

44. Having filled in the first column with the word 
signs they are now, to be transcribed into the proper 
sign words, that is, written in longhand in the wide 
column, but this must be done without looking at the 
key in the lesson. At first there will be some you 
cannot recall; let the space remain blank, and after, 
not before, put a cross in the upper left hand corner 
of each blank space, then look at the printed key and 
write in the proper word or words, giving particular 
attention to those with the cross to the end that those 
you "missed" can be properly written the next time 
you transcribe the shorthand column. At the time of 
transcribing into longhand name the signs; thus, time, 
T one; it, T two; at and out, T three; dollar and 
did, D one; do, D two, etc. When the signs stand for 
two or three words they must all be written in the 
same blank space, one above the other; this may nee- 



24 day's standard shorthand. 

essitate your writing a ' 'smaller hand" than usual, 
but if it does it will indirectly be of benefit to you in 
writing shorthand which should always be written in 
small neat characters. 

45. Having done as above directed, the first 
column will be filled with shorthand signs, the second 
with the words for which the signs stand; now cover 
the shorthand column with a slip of paper and write, 
in the second narrow column, the proper shorthand 
sign for the longhand word or words, leaving blank 
the spaces where you could not recall the word-sign 
for the word you have written in longhand. When 
you have put in all the signs that you are sure are the 
correct ones, make a cross in the upper left-hand cor- 
ner of each blank space, then remove the slip of paper 
and insert the proper word sign, giving particular at- 
tention to those you "missed" so that you will be 
able to insert the proper sign next time. 

46. This translating into shorthand, then into 
longhand, first one then the other, must be continued 
until you can fill in a column without a- single error 
and without your being obliged to remove the slip to 
see what the proper sign or word is. When this can 
be done fill in another narrow column with a new list 
of shorthand signs, beginning with the one that fol- 
lows the last one in the first column, translate the 
signs into longhand, then into shorthand, and so on 
until the whole list is learned. 

47. In learning the signs you must not neglect to 
"spell them in shorthand," as already directed; thus, 
T 1, time: T 2, it; T 3, at and out, and when trans- 
lating the longhand injD shorthand to reverse the 
order and say; time, T 1; it, T 2; at and out, T 3, 
etc. 

Following the directions as given above makes the learning of the 
longest list of signs a mere pastime compared with the task of learning 
the lists in the old systems of shorthand with no other directions as to 



day's standard shorthand. 



25 



how they are to be learned except "to learn them." The method here 
presented is published for the first time in any text-book on shorthand 
In your whole course there is nothing of more importance than the 
learning of the word signs, and for this reason we have been very expli- 
cit and given full directions, and the same must be followed in every 
particular. 

The list of signs presented in this lesson represent one hundred and 
twenty-eight words, fully one-half of the words used in ordinary cor- 
respondence, and unless the matter is unusually difficult the rule will 
hold good, and this being the case you will readily see the reason for 
learning the list, and all subsequent ones, perfectly. 



48. 



Consonant Word-Signs. 



.../... 
./.... 



time Ti 
it, T2 
at, out, T3 
dollar, did, Di 
do, D2 
had, D3 
in, not, Ni 
no, know N2 
me, my, Mi 
am, him, M2 
gentlemen, Ji 
. gentleman, advantage, J 2 
large J 3 
each, CHi 
which, change-ed, CH2 



much, charge-ed, CH3 
short, SHi 
shall, shalt, SH2 
sure, SH3 
possible, Pi 
put, P2 

party, happy, P3 
by, buy, Bi 
be, been, B2 
. to be, B3 
hear, here, Ri 
are, R2 
our, hour, R3 
will, wilt, Li 
well, letter, L.2 



26 



day's standard shorthand. 



•^ 


land. Ls 


-k 


■- away. W3 


/. 


• if, Fi 


c 


- is, his,lh Si 


..c 


- for. F2 


,£. 


. as, has, lh S2 


■f 


few. fact, F3 


-( 


.. us, lh S3 


r 


• ever, V 1 


J 


.. see. saw, rh Si 


£. 


have. Va 


'.-> 


... say. so, rh S2 


r-- 


however, V» 


■ J 


use (noun), rh S3 


j 


.. common, kingdom, call- 
ed. Ki 


) 


... was, Z2 


J..... 


come, company, conld, 

12 


....)..,. 


... use (verb)/Z3 


----/ 


- can, K3 


( 


thought, THi 


) 


God, Gi 


(.... 


think, TH2 


J... 


go. give-n, G2 


-■( 


though, thank-ed, TH3 


■-) 


.. good, together, Gs 


V 


thing, NGi 


^ 


... why, Wi 


.L... 


long, along, length. NG' 


..x 


... way, W2 


...A. ... 


language, NG3 



49. The following list of word-signs could properly 
be termed "arbitrary" or "special signs" as they do 
not represent shorthand letters except the signs for I, 
how, and eh. The following abbreviations denote 
the slant of the dash signs, which are always written 
downward: 1ft obk, left oblique; rt obk, right oblique; 
vert, vertical. In learning the list follow the direc- 
tions already given for learning the consonant signs. 



day's standard shorthand. 27 

50. Dot, Dash, and Circle Word-Signs. 

the, dot, 1 .....^ he. rt obi dash 1 

"-*■ a, an, dot2 <c should, rt obi dash2 

• •• and, dots °. I, eye, 1 1 

of, lft obi dash 1 .0 eh, e2 

■•• - v to, too, two, Jft obi dash2 <p. how, OU 2 

or, vert dash i .....Q ah, AH2 

' but, vert dash 2 first, rt obi loop 2 

51. The semi-circle vowel signs, large and small, 
are also used as word-signs, are written in two posi- 
tions, above and on the line, open to the right, left, 
upward, and downward, and as a matter of conveni- 
ence in naming the signs only the two vowels AW 
and o are used to designate the sign-words. 

In addition to the figures, denoting the position, 
and AW and o the name of the sign, the following 
abbreviations are used to designate the direction in 
which the semi-circle signs open; rt, to the right; lft, 
to the left; up, upward; dn, downward. 

The name of the sign and the word for which the 
sign stands must be spoken at the time of writing the 
sign and the word, the same as in the directions given 
for writing the consonant word-signs and sign- words. 

52. Semi-circle Word-Signs. 



we, with, 01 rt •—■* would, 02 lft 

were, o 2 rt ye, year, oi up 

what, 01 lft •• ■-• yet, o 2 up 



28 day's standard shorthand. 






•• beyond, oi dn 


...c, 


• O, oh, owe, AW 2 rt 


...A 


- you, your, 02 dn 


3 


•• already, awe, AWi 1ft 


C 


- all, AWi rt 


...J5L., 


- who, whom AW 2 1ft 



Do not let any wearisomeness of labor overcome the determination 
to master this very important lesson. It does not require any brilliancy 
of intellect; it is more a matter of patience and practice in writing and 
naming the signs that is required — something a mere child can do. 

There is given below an alphabetical list of all the words in the pre- 
ceding lists, the same being presented as a matter for convenient refer, 
ence. It should also be used as a dictation exercise, that is, have the 
words dictated to you, from top to bottom, from bottom to top, across 
from right to left and from left to right; have them "mixed up in all man- 
ner of ways," and keep at it until every word (and here we repeat what 
we have already said) can be written neatly, correctly, and each sign in 
its proper position, as quickly as the words would be spoken by a good 
reader. 

53. Alphabetical List of the Consonant, 
Dot, Dash, Semi-circle, and Circle Sign- Words; 
with Nomenclature. 

a, dot 2 charge-ed, CH3 

ah, AH 2 come. K2 

all, AWi rt common, Ki 

along, NGr2 company, K2 

already, AWi 1ft could, K2 

am, M2 did, Di 

an, dot2 do, D2 

and, dot 3 dollar, Di 

are, R2 each, CHi 

as, lh S2 eh, e2 

at, T3 ever, V* 

away, W3 eye, D 

awe, AWi lft fact, F3 

be, B2" few, F3 

been, B2 first, rt obi loop2 

beyond, oi dn gentlemen, J* 

but, vert dash 2 gentleman, J 2 

by, Bi give-n, GU 

buy, Bi go, G2 

call-ed, Ki God Gi 

can, K3 good, G3 

change-ed, CH2 had, D3 



day's standard shorthand. 



29 



happy, P 3 
has, lh S2 
have, V2 
he, rtobl dashi 
hear, Ri 
here, Ri 
him, M2 
his, lh Si 
hour, R3 
how, OU 2 
however, V3 
I, I 1 
if, Fi 
in, Ni 
is, lh Si 
it, T2 

kingdom, Ki 
know, K2 
land, L3 
language, NG3 
large, J 3 
letter, L2 
length, NG2 
long, NG2 
me, Mi 
much, CH3 
my, Mi 
no. N* 
not, Ni 
O, AW 2 rt 
of, 1ft obi dashi 
oh, AW2 rt 
or, vert dashi 
our, R3 
out, T3 
owe, AW 2 rt 
party, P3 
possible, Pi 

put, P2 

saw, rh Si 



say, rh S2 

see, rh Si 

shall, SH2 

shalt. SH2 

short, SHi 

should, rt obi dash 2 

so, rh S2 

sure, SH3 

thank-ed, TH3 

the, doti 

thing, NGi 

think, TH2 

though, THs 

thought, THi 

time, Ti 

to, 1ft obi dash 2 

to be, B-3 

too, 1ft obi dash 2 

together, G3 

two, lft obi dash 2 

use (noun), rh S3 

use (verb), Z3 

us, lh S3 

was, Z2 

way, W2 

we, oi rt 

well, L2 

were, 02 rt 

what, 01 lft 

which, CH2 

who, AW2 

whom, AW 2 lft" 

why, Wi 

will, H 

wilt, Li 

ye, oi up 

yet, 02 up 

year, oi up 

you, 02 dn 

your, 02 dn 



QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW-SIXTH LESSON. 

About what proportion of common words are represented by word- 
signs? What is a word-sign? What is the sign used to represent the 
word called? What is the word called that is represented by the sign ? 
What is the object of having word-signs? When a word is written with 
a hyphen what does it denote? The naming of the signs is called what? 
The superior figures denote what? What is the name of the sign for S 
when written to the left? To the right, what? Give, in substance 



3<D DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND.; 

the method ontlined for learning the word-signs-. What are the number 
of sign-words in the lists of this lesson? Oblique means what? (Ans) 
Slanting. Vertical means what? (Ans) Upright: "straight up and 
down.*"" What two vowels are used to represent the semi-circle word- 
signs? In what directions do they open? What does the abbreviation rt 
mean? 1ft? up? dn? 

SEVENTH LESSON. 

Plural Number, Possessive Case, Prefixes, 
Affixes, Proper Names, Numbers, Punct- 
uation Marks, Joining Words. 

In this lesson you are to begin the writing of sentences, but before 
doing so the following principles must be thoroughly understood, and 
the same are to be applied in all the sentence writing in succeeding 
lessons. 

54. The plural number, or possessive case of a 
noun, is indicated by adding S. 

kingdoms languages company's Mary's 

i. v 4 2± 

55. The third person singular of a verb in the 
present tense is indicated by adding S to the verb. 

gives comes sees thinks thanks 

1 4- i i i - 

56. The prefixes con, com, cog, and coun are ex- 
pressed by placing a dot before the remainder of the 
word; accom by a heavy dot. Place the dot before 
you begin to write the balance of the word. 

convey compile cognate counsel accompany 

con:V-A com:P-I-L cog:N-A-T coun:S-e-L Accom : P-a-N-i 

....£. :.^ :£ *_< ,.*k— 



Note: — Write the part of the word following the colon close to but 
not touching the preceding part of the word. 

57. The affix ing and thing may be expressed by 
placing a small dot at the end of the preceding part 
of the word; ings and things by a heavy dot. 

doing making having something sayings 

do: ing M-A-K:ing have: ing S-u-M: thing say: ings 

_ A. C J^L J. „ 



day's standard shorthand. 31 

(a) The dot for ing cannot be used in words of 
one syllable ending in ing; in such words the stroke 
for ing must be used. 

ring king bring sing Ming 

R-i-NG K-i-NG B-R-i-NG S-i-NG M-i-NG 



:,1 i ...dl....: 1... 



(b) When more conveniently joined S may be 
written vertical or left oblique as in "sing." 

58. The affix Hon spelled differently as in the 
words fashion, Grecian, evasion, ocean, notion, etc., 
is expressed by SH made one-third its usual length. 

action fashion occasion effusion 

a-K-shon F-a-shon o-K-A-shon e-F-OO-shon 

f f a2 f- 

59. Initials (the first letter of a name) are written 
in shorthand, with the exception of C, Q, X, E, and 
H, these letters being written in ordinary longhand, 
small script. 

C. H. Smith C. P. Gale A. L. Lane J. L. Green 

jAjZ*. , c,.^...oL^ ,.. w ,s^ L^y. L^ 

60. Proper names may be indicated by placing two 
dashes below the word. 

Jennie ' Maggie James George Rome 

J-e-N-i M-A-G-i J-A-M-S J-AW-R-J R-O-M 

M. ^d JUL hf. ^ 



61. Numbers are written with the ordinary figures 
with the exception of one and six, which when stand- 
ing alone, should be written with the shorthand sign. 

62. The punctuation marks as noted below should 
be written as there indicated; all the others, including 
the parenthesis and quotation marks, are written as 
in longhand. 



32 day's standard shorthand. 

period interrogation exclamation dash paragraph 

/ ■/- ■?■ — / 

63. The following words: is, as, his, has, self, and 
us, may be joined to any word-sign by adding S to 
the sign, using the right or left-hand S, or the left 
oblique stroke, according to the convenience and ease 
of joining to the word preceding it; selves by two S's. 
Joining words is called phrase writing, and its advan- 
tages, etc. , will be fully explained in a subsequent 
lesson. 

of-his it-has his-is my-self give-us ourselves 



_L ^l 1 



Practice reading the following sentences until the words can be 
spoken as readily as if the same had been written in longhand. The 
same proficiency must be attained in the reading of all subsequent exer- 




%- 



JrT . — J . / x J < r v /■ 



— — ^-^~ 



J> a-V 



h S j , ■ ±1 ■ g - • ^ / 



^ ^ 



If — £ /- r ) X £_Z_ 



day's standard shorthand. 33 

After the following exercise has been written it should be corrected 
by the teacher, corrections noted and rewritten by the pupil, neatly and 
correctly, and copied again and again until it can be written, from dic- 
tation, in five minutes. 

The copy book accompanying the Manual contains the exercise with 
blank lines following together with instructions how to use. 

Writing Exercise. 

He said they were his ships. The things ought to 
reach you in four days. It was for Mary's good he 
let her go to the city. James could speak two lan- 
guages. He was at Jack's house three times each 
day. It is to the gentleman's advantage to come here 
for a short time. He will convey to the counsel all 
the papers in the case. We will accommodate him 
by letting Joe accompany him to the village. They 
are to come here the first day of each week. They 
concede he was right in what he did. He comes to 
the city five times a year. James will do well if he 
does what he says he can. It is.said they are going 
to charge each a dollar but we think it is too much. 
The sayings of the king were well thought of by the 
people. Rob gives eight dollars to George and says it 
is all he can do this year. They will sell six tickets for 
the show to night. Jane will bring the things the first 
time she comes home. We were with him at the time. 
J. M. Smith says they will bring an action on the fifth 
of May. On this occasion he thought well of what 
was said. J. C. Black will be in the city the first of 
the year. John will be paid eight dollars for the work 
he has done. It is Mary's book and she can give it 
to Jane. I will accompany him on the journey. It 
is for us to say what shall be given. God is as good 
as He is great. They said they would be at his house 
the first of the week. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW-SEVENTH LESSON. 

How is the plural number and the possessive case of a noun indi- 
cated? The third person singular of a verb in the present tense? What 
prefixes are expressed by a light dot? What one by a heavy dot? Are 



34 day's standard shorthand. 

these prefixes written before or after the balance of the word? What 
affixes are expressed by a light dot at the end of a word? "What affix by 
a heavy dot? How is ing expressed in words of one syllable? Is it allow- 
able to write S in the right oblique or vertical direction? How is the 
affix shon expressed? What initials must be written in longhand? How 
may proper names be indicated? What two figures when standing alone 
must be written in shorthand? What punctuation marks differ from 
those in longhand? What six words may be joined to a preceding word 
by S? How is selves expressed when joined? What is phrase writing? 



EIGHTH LESSON. 



Omission of Vowees — Omission of Consonants. 

When you completed the fifth lesson you were supposed to be able 
to write any word in the English language, but the long words, those 
difficult of formation, and those of frequent occurrence, must neces- 
sarily be abbreviated in order to attain great speed in writing. The 
principles of abbreviation are: Word signs, signs to represent syllables 
and combined consonants, the omission of letters. 

In the sixth lesson you had an illustration of the word signs and the 
abbreviation for two or three syllables at the beginning and end of 
words. Each lesson is, in fact, the presentation of some new principle 
for shortening words, and the one presented in this lesson is that of the 
omission of vowels and consonants, a principle that can be applied in 
the writing of thousands of words without in any way endangering the 
legibility of words if so written. 

Omission of Vowels. 

64. There are no general rules for the omission 
of vowels, however, one that would be as near such a 
rule is the following: Frequently omit short vowels 
at the beginning, middle, and end of words, unless 
their insertion would enable the writer to form an out- 
line more readily, or where their omission would en- 
danger legibility. Under this principle thousands of 
words can be written without inserting a single vowel, 
at least not more than one or two even in quite long 
words, as illustrated in the words below. 

f«*uce suffer gem lesson cover 

F-N-S S-F-R J-M L-S-N K-V-R 

^ 6 ** ^ 6 



day's standard shorthand. 35 

finish bill car Jackson build 

F-N-SH B-L K-R J-a-K-S-N B-L-D 



4- 



65. A few special rules for the omission of vowels 
are the following: In the middle of words omit short 
u and short 00 before N, M, K, and G. 



summer 


gum 


Cadmun 


irksome 


popgun 


S-M-R 


G-M 


K-a-D-M-u-N 


e-R-K-S-M 


P-o-P-G-N 


•71 


>/ 


J_^ 


._^ 


cot. 



66. When in, en, un, im, and em, begin words 
omit the initial vowel. 

unable endow enrich imagine increase 

N-A-B-L N-D-OU N-R-i-CH M-a-J-N N-K-R-R-S 



^k.. Ax. 



(a) In order to make a clear distinction between 
such words as material and immaterial, moderate and 
immoderate, mortal and immortal, it will be necessary 
to insert the vowel. 

67. Where two vowels come together, not forming 
a pure diphthong, omit the unaccented vowel. 

ratio actual alien influence joyous 

R-A-SH-0 a-K-CH-u-L A-L-e-N N-F-L-u-N-S J-OI-S 



Omission of Consonants. 

68. A general rule for the omission of consonants 
would be: omit any consonant that is not distinctly 
heard in ordinary pronunciation, or such as would, if 
inserted, prevent an otherwise fluently written out- 
line. 



36 day's standard shorthand. 

69. Specific rules for the omission of consonants 
are as follows: D may be omitted when immediately 
followed by M, V, or J. 

admit adjudge advance advocate admire 

a-M-i-T a-J-u-J a-Y-a-N-S a-Y-O-K-A-T a-M-I-R 



..^... 



70. T and D may be omitted when final and not 
distinctly sounded. 

just cold Attest inspect find 

J-u-S K-O-L F-i-T-e-S N-S-P-K F-I-N 

I L^. £r. s±). £± 

71. R may be omitted when immediately preceded 
by the vowel AH and followed by K or any straight 
line consonant. 

mark lark park part cart charming 

M-AH-K L-AH-K P-AH-K P-AH-T K-AH-T CH-AH-M:ing 

-■A- S ^ ^ % $£- 

72. Omit R in scribe and scription. 

inscribe describe description conscription 

N-S-K-I-B D-e-S-K-I-B D-S-K-i-P:sbon con:S-K-i-P:shon 



^ 

73. Frequently omit the sound of W in the middle 
of words. 

equally equip acquire anguish sanguine 

E-K-L-i E-K-i-P a-K-I-R a-NG-i-SH S-a-NG-N 

■^ - & ft v 

(a) Noting that qu and gu have the sound of 
kw and gw the outlines for the above words with the 



day's standard shorthand. 37 

K and G, and the omitting of the w sound, will be 
readily understood. 

74. Omit R when it is the last sound in a word 
and preceded by the diphthongs I and U. 

require inquire perspire procure secure . 

R-e-K-I N-K-I P-R-S-P-I P-R-O-K-U S-e-K-U 

3 /I c=^y.. CT3 4 



75. The learner need not confine himself to the omis- 
sion of vowels and consonants as outlined in the lesson, 
but he can omit them to any extent that will not endan- 
ger legibility, but to what extent this can be done can 
be determined only by practice and his ability to read 
words by the aid of the context where the outline of a 
word is incomplete. In many words where the first 
or first two syllables are written in full, that is, all the 
vowels and consonants inserted, the balance of the 
word can be omitted or materially abbreviated, thus: 

peculiar metaphysical equivalent 

P-e-K-U M-e-T-a-F-i-S e-K-i-V 



■^ / 

Reading Exercise. 



- fc T- 



^-^ 



n C^° / ' C \ v- 9- D ' ^ \' — < LL 



38 day's standard shorthand. 



v^ 



\<*{ ^ , c Jo — r = — y G 



^ 



Y/°/ — °- V 



/ c r a 



c£> ^ y ^ X ^ 



-4 



^M / 



"7 — ^ 



^ 



-/" 



c 

^^ Q — ^"^"z 

Writing Exercise. 

Mark, M-R-K; marl, M-R-L; deity, D-E-T-i; ratio, 
R-A-SH-O; royal, R-OI-L; furnace, F-R-N-S; sum- 
mit, S-M-i-T; Sunday, S-N-D-A; summon, S-M-u-N; 
winsome, W-i-N-S-M; index, N-D-i-K-S; engage, 
N-G-A-J; uncap, N-K-a-P; include, N-K-L-U; in- 
hale, N-H-A-L; image, M-A-J; foliage, F-O-E-A-J; 
creator, K-R-E-T-R; treatise, T-R-E-T-s; variety 
V-a-R-I-T-i; admonish, a-M-o-N-S-H; adjoin, 
a-J-OI-N; advice, a-V-I-S; adjust, a-J-u-S; finest, 
F-I-N-S; coldest, K-O-E-S; best, B-e-S; modest, 
M-o-D-S; corrupt, K-AW-R-u-P; dark, D-AH K; 



day's standard shorthand. 39 

Clark, K-L-AH-K; arch, AH-CH; arctic, AH-K-T-i-K; 
scribe, S-K-I-B; desire, D-e-S-I; aspire, a-S-P-I; ac- 
quire, a-K-I; epicure, e-P-i-K-U; requisite, R-i-K-S-T; 
inadequate, N-a-D-e-K-e-T; acqueduct, a-K-e-D-u-K. 

After the pupil has written the following exercise, and corrections 
made by the teacher, it is to be copied as many times as may be neces 
sary to enable the pupil to write it neatly and correctly, in one minute 
and a half. 

John Brown, L,ima, O. Dear Sir: Please make 
out your bill for last month and we will arrange to 
pay it by the first of May. We hope our delay in 
paying the sum due will in no way embarrass you. It 
is our desire to make up for any loss the delay may 
have caused you, as we know this is the way you 
would do by us. We thank you for waiting on us so 
long and will see that a delay of this kind does not 
occur again. James & Smith. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW-EIGHTH LESSON. 

Each new lesson is the presentation of what? What is the principle 
of abbreviation in this lesson? What vowels may frequently be omitted? 
Before what four letters may short u be omitted? Before what five ini- 
tial syllables may the vowel be omitted? How is the distinction made be- 
tween "material" and "immaterial" and other negative forms? When 
two vowels come together not forming a pure diphthong which one is 
omitted? What is the general rule for the omission of consonants? D 
may be omitted before what three consonants? When may T and D be 
omitted? R is omitted when preceded by the vowel AH and followed by 
what consonant? Omit R in what two syllables? Where is the sound of 
W frequently omitted? Qu and gu have the sound of what letters? Omit 
R when it is the last sound in a word and preceded by what two diph- 
thongs? What is the general rule for abbreviation under section 75? 



4o day's standard shorthand. 



NINTH LESSON. 



The Lengthening and Shortening Principle. 

Every word in the English language is composed of one, two. or more 
syllables, and that system of shorthand which can express these syllables 
and parts of syllables the most readily, and at the same time can be easily 
and quickly written, possessing great speed with legibility, is to be pre- 
ferred to one lacking these characteristics. This lesson is a further illus- 
tration of the contracting power of Standard Shorthand as shown by the 
principles presented in the following sections: 

Lengthening. 

76. Lengthening J, CH, SH, F, A', K, G, and the 
right-hand vertical S, made as long as the letter B, 
adds L to the letters so lengthened. The principle is 
also' used in words with a slightly sounded short 
vowel between the letter lengthened and the L, but 
words with long vowels and diphthongs should be 
written in full. Lengthening SH also implies tional 
(pronounced shonel) as in national and additional. 
The names of the syllables indicated by lengthening 
are as follows: Jel, Chel, Shel, Fel, Vel, Kel, Sel, 
SHonel. 

,ielly bachelor bushel flee slow evil 

Jel-i B-a-Chel-R B-u-SHe] Fel-E Sel-0 E-Vel 



c i * 



tickle glow apostle national additional 

F-i-Kel Gel-O a-P-o-Sel N-a-SHonel a-D-i-SHonel 



J ~^ 



,.^f... 



77. Lengthening M represents the syllables Men 
and Mem. With few exceptions only short vowels are 
used in these syllables; if the vowel is i the syllable 



DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 41 

isMin; if a, Man; if o, Mon; if u, Mun, etc. If the 
vowel is a distinctly sounded long vowel it must be 
inserted as in Maine, mean, moan, etc. 

many remain Roman mention omen mean 

Men-i R-e-Men R-O-Men Men-shon O-Men M-E.N 



78. Lengthening NG expresses NK and is pro- 
nounced by prefixing to the NK sound the vowel pre- 
ceding, as illustrated below. 

sink junk lank bank pink crank 

S-iNK J-uNK L-aNK B-aNK P-iNK K-R-aNK 

\ ( ^ m ^ ^ 

79. Lengthening W expresses wh as illustrated in 
the words below. 

wheel whale whine whence whimsy 

Wh-E-L Wh-A-L Wh-I-N Wh-N-S Wh-M-Z-i 



■V W* 



80. Lengthening the left-hand vertical S to the 
length of B or L expresses the triple consonants sir, 
with or without a short vowel between the s and t. 
The syllable name of this combination is Ster. 

strap faster Chester string strong 

Ster-a-P F-a-Ster CH-e-Ster Ster-i-NG Ster-AW-NG 



( fc I 



81. Lengthening D expresses Det, which, although 
rarely a syllable, is used to advantage where the com- 
bination is at the beginning of a word. 

detach debtor detail detain detect 

Det-a-CH Det-R Det-A-L Det-A-N Det-e-K-T 



42 DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

82. When f> is the last consonant in a word and is 
preceded by m y express the/ by lengthening the M, 
making it nearly the length of two M's. The syllable 
name is indicated by prefixing the vowel to the Mp as 
illustrated below. 

pump lump vamp cramp thump 

P-uMp L-uMp V-aMp K-R-aMp TH-uMp 



83. Words ending in tual, pronounced nearly like 
chual, are expressed by lengthening CH, the syllable 
name being CHel. 

actual effectual mutual textual 

a-K-Chel e-F-e-K-CHel M-U-CHel T-e-K-S-CHel 

4 



84. The position of the double-length stroke writ- 
ten downward is as follows: 1st position, on the line 
or extending a trifle below; 2nd position, half above 
and half below; 3rd position, three-fourth below. The 
double length-stroke written upwards is the same as 
for the full-length, above the line, on the line, and 
through the line. 

Position in this section has reference to words where 
the double-length stroke expresses the only conso- 
nants in the word, or the addition of one other conso- 
nant; position always has reference to short outlines. 

Shortening. 

85. Another principle of abbreviation is that of 
shortening — making half length some of the conso- 
nants to add R. The letters that are shortened to add 
R are the following: J, CH, SH, V, and G, and the 
syllable names of the same are Jer, CHer, SHer, Ver, 
Ger. 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 43 

badger poacher voucher Gregg Shriek 

B-a-Jer P-O-CHer V-OU-CHer Ger-e-G SHer-E-K 



f- y- 



j 



86. Words ending in sure, although more generally- 
pronounced like zhur, is expressed by shortening SH, 
that is, the syllable SHer. 

measure leisure composure censure pressure 

M-e-SHer L-E-SHer com:P-0-SHer S-e-N-Sher P-R-e-SHer 

y^ " ^ "^ £^\ ^-f 



87. Words ending in ture, pronounced generally 
chur, are expressed by shortening CH, that is, the syl- 
lable CHer. 

feature fracture creature lecture conjecture 
F-E-CHer F-R-a-K-CHer K-R-E-CHer L-e-K-CHer con:J-e-K-CHer 

f - 9' ^ ^ )■ 



88. The syllables ed, ded, ted, terminating words, 
are expressed by shortening T, making that letter 
about one-third its usual length, and when more con- 
venient it may be disjoined as in heated. 



waited 


loaded 


mended 


wasted 


heated 


W-A-Ted 


L-O-Ded 


Men-Ded 


W-A-S-Ted 


H-E-T:eD 


to. 


^_^_ 


r 


\P.. 


Q— _- 



Reading Exercise. 



44 DA Y S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



-±- 



D (o 



-4^- 



-^f~ ! 



a 



^Y 



^ ~f ^ r ^/ ^ -f 



K 



-*-^- 



" N • y/ 7 * - 



> ^ ^ 



-7^ 



w 



^£/ 



o / 



^ ■ ^ x 



_^L, 



>< v 



•^ r . 



^-^•^^s ^/ 



Practice reading the above sentences until every word can be spoken 
as readily as if the exercise had been written in longhand, then copy, 
neatly and correctly, four times. 

Writing Exercise. 

shallow, Shel-O; bushel, B-u-Shel; claim, kel-A-M; 
oval, O-Vel; pickel, P-i-Kel; glee, Gel-E; official, 
o-F-i-Shel;flow, Fel-O; slight, S-L-I-T; money, Mun-i; 
minute, Min-i-T; Monday, Mun-D-A; human, 



day's standard shorthand. 45 

H-U-Man; menace, Men-A-S; Memphis, Mem-F-i-S; 
month, Mun-TH; eminence, e-Men-e-N-S; nominate, 
N-o-Men-A-T; manage, Man-A-J; rink, R-iNK; 
Fink, F-iNK; Clark, Kel-AH-K; clank, Kel-aNK; 
rank, R-aNK; Eink, L-iNK; wheat, Wh-E-T; white, 
Wh-I-T; whack, Wh-a-K; whiff, Wh-i-F; Whig, 
Wh-i-G; pester, P-e-Ster; lobster, E-o-B-Ster; mus- 
ter, M-u-Ster; Lester, E-e-Ster; fester, F-e-Ster; pun- 
ster, P-u-N-Ster; stride, Ster-I-D; stream, Ster-E-M 
stripe, Ster-I-P; banister, B-a-N-Ster; Ditmer 
Det-M-R; detention, Det-N-shon; detail, Det-A-E 
detinue, Det-N-U; detect, Ded-e-K-T; clump 
Kel-uMP; dump, D-uMP; jump, J-uMP; slump 
Sel-uMP; rump, R-uMP; punctual, P-uNK-CHel 
spiritual, S-P-R-i-CHel; ritual, R-i-Chel: dodger 
D-o-Jer; perjure, P-R-Jer; injure, N-Jer; lodger 
E-o-Jer; filcher, Fel-CHer; preacher, P-R-E-CHer 
clincher, Kel-N-CHer; watcher, W-o-CHer; shrine 
SHer-I-N; shrink, SHer-iNK; shroud, SHer-OU-D 
verify, Ver-i-F-I; verily, Ver-i-E-i; verbena, Ver- 
B-E-N-a; grim, Ger-i-M; green, Ger-E-N; Greek, Oer- 
E-K; figure, F-i-Ger; closure, Kel-O-SHer; compari- 
son, com:P-R-S-N; compressure, com:P-R-e-SHer; 
censure, S-N-SHer; treasure, T-R-SHer; creature, 
K-R E-CHer; conjecture, con:J-e-K-CHer; venture, 
V-N-CHer; structure, Ster-u-K-CHer; feature. F-E- 
CHer; ended, N-Ded; omitted, O-M-i-Ted; collected, 
Kel-e-K-Ted; effected, e-F-K-Ted; annihilated, a-N- 
I-E-A-Ted; candid, K-a-N-Ded; aided, A-D:eD; 
nomenclature, N-O-Men-Kel-A-CHer. 

Do you think you could meet us some day this week 
at the south side of the city? If he will be a good 
boy we will purchase for him a wheel and lamp. The 
ship sank in mid ocean and all the passengers were lost. 
He will be here in time for the lecture this evening. 
The boy hit the tramp a whack with the whip. In 
making up the party on the last of the month she will 



46 day's standard shorthand. 

see to the details. In going to the village James ran 
faster than John. The debtor said he would put the 
money in the bank. They will remain at home for 
some time. 

After the sentences in the above exercise have been written and cor- 
rected they should be copied, neatly and correctly, nntil the same can be 
written, from dictation, in one minute and a half. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW— NINTH LESSON. 

Name the eight consonants that are lengthened to add L. Give the 
syllable names. SH may be lengthened to add what additional syllable? 
Lengthening M adds what two syllables? What class of vowels are used 
between M and N? Lengthening NG expresses what? Lengthening W 
adds what letter to W ? Making the left-hand S as long as B or L ex- 
presses what? What is the syllable name indicated by lengthening S? 
Lengthening D at the beginning of a word expresses what syllable? 
When P and B are the last consonants in a word how may these letters 
be expressed if preceded by M? Words ending in tual, pronounced like 
chual. are expressed how? What is the first position of a double-length 
stroke written downward? The second position? the third position? 
What is the position for double-length strokes written upward? Name»the 
letters that are shortened to add R. Words ending in sure, generally 
pronounced like zhur, is expressed how? Words ending in ture, generally 
pronounced like chur. is expressed how? The syllables ed, ded. and ted, 
terminating words, are expressed how? Lengthening the shaded ticks 
adds what letter? 



TENTH LESSON. 



Word-Signs of one Consonant with Vowels. 

The word-signs presented in this lesson is another list of words of 
frequent occurrence, the learning of which should now claim your at- 
tention until they are as thoroughly mastered as the lists in the sixth 
lesson. The method of learning the signs has already been presented 
and the same should be followed in every particular. 

Not all but the majority of the signs are written according to the 
position of the first vowel of the word, and some are not word-signs but 
words written in full, being presented in the list because of their fre- 
quent occurrence in the ordinary work of the stenographer. The order 
of arrangement is that of the consonant signs as presented in the table 
of consonants in the first lesson, followed by an alphabetical list of sign- 
words for convenient reference. The dictation of the signs from one or 



day's standard shorthand. 



47 



both lists must be continued until, as in the lists in the sixth lesson, each 
sign can be written, neatly, quickly, correctly, and each in its proper 
position, as readily as the words would be spoken by a good reader. 



89. Word-Signs. 

7~ ought, AW-Ti 

doctor, di-o 

— — done, D^-N 

^tttt^.. down, D2-OU 

rrrrrr^... due-ring, D 2-XJ 

^^.-- advertise-ed-ment a-D3 



.2.... 



,A... 



now, N2-OU 
when, e-N2 
.. new, knew, N2-U 
on, 0-N1 



•■&/■ one, OO-Ns 






.Z 



may, M2-A 
man, Men 2 
men, Meni 
under, u-N2 
any, NM 
anything, N2-i:ing 
immediate-ly, i-M-ei 



P 



.<r\.... 

./Ob., 



woman, OO-Men^ 

women, OO-Men* 

memory, memorandum-a , 
Men 2-0 

jury, J3-00 
assure, a-SH3-00 
usual-ly, OO-SHs 
wish, i-SHi 
up. U-P2 
hope, 0-P2 
. power, P2-OU 
object, o-Bi 
about. a-B3 
beauty, B2-U 
body, Bt-o 
while, I will, I-Li 
highly, I-Li-i 
arrive-ed-al. a-R3-I . 



"O™ 

..«_/ her, e-R2 



4» DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

<?. favor. F2-A /- -^ ^^ 

.0 forenoon, F2-OO 

.£... half, after, a-F3 „ 

{ ..J..... acknowledge-ed. a-K2 

../ fill-ed, Fell „ 

... .4... care, K3-a 

.L...... follow-ed, fell, Fel i-O 9 , ™V , 

._/.. equal. E-KeD 

/:.- full-y. Fel 3 a 

/ ...J... ago, a-G2 

../?.. avoid-ed-ance, a-Y3-OI r ,, ^^ , 

(p W them. TH2-e 

S value, Yels /- 

/ ..b... they, TH2-A 

■^ over,0-Yer2 that, TH3-a 

every, Yi-i Q withoilt> TH2 . 0U 

very,Yer2-i thousand, TH 3 -OU 

/ ' ^ 

whatever. what-Yi ' [ , _ 

.\j?..... where, W 2 -a 

O... whoever. who2-Y f TTT „ 

{ W aware, a-W2-a 

.../?..... afternoon, a-F 3 -OO o , . _ _ Ti 

C high H-Ii 

90. The Above List of Word-Signs Alpha- 
betically Arranged — with Nomenclature. 

about, a-B3 care, K,3-a 

acknowiedge-ed, a-K2 doctor, D1-0 

advertise-ed-ment, a-D3 done, D2-N 

afternoon , a-F 3 -OO do wn , D 2 -OU 

after, a-F 3 due-ring, D 2 -TJ 

ago, a-Gr2 every, Yi-i 

any, N2-i equal. E-KeH 

anything, N2-i:ing favor, F2-A 

arrive-ed-al, a-R3-I fell, Fel2, 

assure, a-SH3-00 fill-ed, FeU 

avoid-ed-ance, a-Y3-0I follow-ed, FeD-O 

aware, a-W2-a forenoon, F 2 -OO 

beauty, B2-CJ full-y, Fel3 

body, B 1-0 half,a-F3 



day's standard shorthand. 



49 



her, e-R 2 

high, H-Ii 

highly, I-Li-i 

hope, O-P2 

Iwill,I-Li 

immediate-ly, i-M-ii 

jury, J3-00 

knew. N2-U 

man, Men 2 

may, M2-A 

men, Meni 

memory, Mem.2-0 

memorandum-a, Mem 2-0 

new, N'2-U 

now, N3-0U 

object, o-Bi 

on,o-Ni 

one, 00-N3 

ought, AW-Ti 

over, 0-Ver2 



power, P2-0U 
that, TH3-a 
them, TH2-e 
they, TH2-A 
thousand, TH3-0TJ 
under, u-N 2 
up, u-P2 

usual-ly, OO-SHs 
value, Veia 
very, Ver"2-i 
whatever, what-Vi 
when, e-N'2 
where, W^-a 
whoever, who2-V 
while, 1-L.i 
without, TH2-OU 
wish, i-SHi 
woman, 00-Men2 
women, OO-Men* 



Reading Exercise. 



c / c %u ---y c ( L 



v— U% 



U±u-c c C 



- ■ i^m°, • ^ - ^ <-£-. 



^7" 



/%( C CN q ^ g 



-gU, / C LiU ~' r - - ^ C ■ )±HJ1_ J « x -A l 



50 DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND 



^ J kf ^±L ^ ia ' ^M 






M 



t7- 7" 

y Se X '/ - " 9>. -r ^j - C^ n — ^i/ fe 

— ^ g ^ ^ ^ . y x ,^^'g ~y 

Practice reading the above sentences until every word can be spoken 
as readily as if the exercise had been written in longhand, then copy, 
neatly and correctly four times. 

Writing Exercise. 

It is to the advantage of the party to come to the 
city at this time. The jury will meet on the first of 
February. He has the power to bring them here but 
we fear he will not do it. When did you see the 
judge? We acknowledge the debt and will pay on 
Wednesday the 14th. We will let you know of our 
arrival, which will be about the middle of next week, 
at least we think so. We are waiting to hear about 
your bill which is now long past due. If the goods 
were not all right we would like to make them so, and 
if they were, you should settle for them without de- 
lay. We would be pleased to have you take the 
agency in your city for our crackers; we are having a 
large sale on these goods and you could make some 
money by selling them. Should you feel disposed to 
sell our goods we will make you an offer which would 
be to your advantage, and in addition to this we would 
advertise you in your city, and would do all in our 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 51 

power to enable you to make large sales. I would 
not like to mention his name as he has many friends 
in this city whom it might displease. 

After the sentences in the above exercise have been written and cor- 
rected they should be copied, neatly and correctly, until the same can be 
written, from dictation, in four and one-half minutes. 



ELEVENTH LESSON. 



Shading — Combined Consonants. 

Combined consonants, or the combining of consonants, is the express- 
ing of two or three consonants, not forming a complete syllable, by one 
movement of the pen, as pi in play, pr in pray, st in stop, str in strike, 
kw (qu) in quick, etc. As these combinations are always used as parts of 
syllables, we have not placed them under separate heads, but in such 
order in the combining of the two as will best illustrate these additional 
principles of abbreviation. 

91. Shading P, B, T, D, adds / to these letters. 
The syllable names of the letters shaded are as fol- 
lows: Pel, Bel, Tel, Del, and the same are illustrated 
in the following words. 

play black paddle 

Pel-A Bel-a-K P-a-Del 



j££ 



92. Shading R and Iy add t or d. The names of 
the syllables are Art, Ard, Elt, Eld, according to the 
letter implied by the shading. 

court hard wild old colt dart 

K-O-Art H-AH-Ard W-I-Eld O-Eld K-O-Elt D-Art 

^ o-y ™^ <W-^.. 



52 DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

93. Shading TH adds r, and when pronounced, as 
it always is, in connection with TH, is called Ther. 



father 


whether 


mother 


throw 


F-AH-Ther 


Wh-e-Ther 


M-u-Ther 


Ther-0 




i 


Si 


6 



» 94. A shaded tick (a very short line), written 
downward in any slanting direction, expresses the 
combination pr and br, and the syllables per and ber, 
or similar sounds as bor in labor, and par in pardon, 
etc. 

pride bright labor permit 

pr-I-D br-I-T L-A-ber per-M-i-T 




95. A vertical shaded tick expresses the combina- 
tion tr and dr, and the syllables ter and der. The 
advanced writer also uses the tick for the syllables tor 
and dor. 



trade 


drop 


fetter 


ladder 


tornado 


tr-A-D 


dr-o-P 


F-e-ter 

c 


L-a-der 


tor-N-A-D-0 



(a) When the first down stroke of a short word 
in the third position is a short line, as S or one of the 
ticks, and the next consonant a horizontal, it is better 
to write it below the line as in ladder, sat, trap, and 
similar short words in that position. 

(b) The lengthening of the shaded ticks to add 
Iv is used to advantage in the writing of many words 
as illustrated below. The left oblique dash only can 
be used for lengthening. 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



53 



April 
A-prel 



liberal 
L-i-brel 



corporal umbrella 

K-AW-R-prel u-M-brel-a 



central 
S-e-N-trel 



material 
M-a-trel 



federal 
F-e-drel 



literal 
L-i-trel 



*1 -4 



f 



96. The syllables pre and pro are expressed by a 
light tick written downward in any slanting direction, 
pre being written above the line when it begins a word, 
and/r<?, on the line. 



prevail 
pre-V-A-L 

L 



pre-S-E-D 



proceed 
pro-S-E-D 



provide 
pro-Y-I-D 



- ^= •£=.'• 

97. The combined consonant sounds kw, generally 
expressed in the common print by qu, is indicated by 
writing K vertical, instead of its ordinary slant. 



quick quail 

Kw-i-K Kw-A-L 



quarter 
Kw-AW-ter 



acquire 
a-Kw-I 



queen 

Kw-E-N 



-)■- 



~y 



98. At the beginning of words, and occasionally in 
the middle, the combined letters def, tip, dev, and div, 
although not always forming a syllable, are expressed 
by slanting D downwards. Tive, in the middle of and 
ending words, is expressed in the same way. 



defeat 
Def-E-T 



devote 
Dev-O-T 



edifice 
e-Def-i-S 



native 
N.-A-Tiv 



99. Ses, sus, ces, sys, and similar syllables, consist- 
ing of two s or z sounds; or an s and z, with a short 



54 DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

vowel between, may be expressed by two S's written 
in opposite directions, but occasionally it will be nec- 
essary, where a vowel follows the second S, to repre- 
sent the syllable by two S's in the same direction, as 
in cessation. The name of the syllable is Ses. 

passes causes lenses sister cessation 

P-a-Ses K-AW-Ses L-e-N-Ses Ses-ter Ses-A-shon 

-7 S "~*^ f f ' 

ioo. The combined consonants st and zd are ex- 
pressed by a short curved line written upwards; it is 
practically the letter S except as to the direction in 
which it is written. The syllable name is Steh. 



state 


stick 


amazed 


divest 


past 


Steh-A-T 


Steh-i-K 


a-M-A-Steh 


Dev-e-Steh 


P-a-Steh 


ez. 





A 


^ac 





ioi. The combined consonants nt, mt y nd, md are 
expressed by joining NT and MD without an angle, 
that is a curve, the line for the same being written 
upward. A vowel always precedes these combina- 
tions, but the same, if an initial short vowel, is gen- 
erally omitted except in short words as end, aunt, 
command, hunt, etc., but initial long vowels and diph- 
thongs must be inserted. The vowel preceding these 
letters in the middle of words is generally written. 
The syllable names are eNt, eMt, eNd, eMd, the lines 
being somewhat longer for the last two. 

entity endwise dreamed commend sent 

eNt-i-T-i eNd-W-T-S der-E-eMd com:e-eNd S-eNt 

'm c*. c c £ 

(a) Z, when it does not begin a word, may often 
be expressed by S, as in endwise; no trouble is ever 
experienced in frequently substituting S for Z, but 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 55 

when the latter begins a word it must be written with 
its own sign. 

1 02. The consonants tn, tm, d?i y dm, with vowels 
between the two letters, is expressed by joining TN 
and DN without an angle, that is a curved stroke, 
writing the line upward. With few exceptions the 
vowel between the consonants is omitted, but long 
vowels and diphthongs must be inserted as in the 
words deem, tine, etc. The syllable names are Ten, 
Tern, Den, Dem, the lines being somewhat longer for 
the last two. 



temper 


timid 


tenor 


sudden 


dental 


demand 


Tem-per 


Tem-i-D 


Ten-R 


S-u-Den 


Den-Tel 


Dem-eNd 


y 


J 


y~^ 


v^ 


.X....... 


y- 



Reading Exercise. 

u — ^ ^=- — *=$ 



6—- 



-V- 



-/■ , >/ 



~T 






^.- ^ < - f - f -/ c ^ ' L ^-^- ~r > '/ -- 



56 day's standard shorthand. 



+ 



^ 



-^ . ^ r 



"/-r- r ^ V ~ • ^ - '* 



)-*^-^/ 



Writing Exercise. 

apple, a-Pel; bleak, Bel-E-K; abolish, a-Bel-i-SH; 
title, T-I-Tel; label, E-A-Bel; puddle, P-u-Del; de- 
light, Del-I-T; fort, F-O-Art; port, P-O-Art; held, 
H-e-Eld; availed, a-V-A-Eld; hardware, AH-Ard- 
W-a-R; lard, E-AH-Ard; rolled, R-O-Eld; jolt 
J-O-Elt; rather, R-a-Ther; Thurman, Ther-Men 
through, Ther-O; thermal, Ther-M-E; smoother 
S-M-OO-Ther; bather, B-A-Ther; prate, Per-A-T 
press, per-S; preacher, per-E-CHer; supper, S-u-per 
price, per-I-C; paper, P-A-per; pardon, per-Den 
brag, ber-a-G; brought, ber-AW-T; bring, ber-i-NG 
dauber, D-AW-ber; barber, B-AH-ber; berth, ber-TH 
slumber, Sel-M-ber; tripe, ter-I-P; drink, der-iNK 
later, E-A-ter; determine, D-ter-Men; trade, ter-A-D 
detractor, D-ter-a-K-ter; prefer, pre-F-R; prefix, pre- 
F-K-S; preside, pre-S-I-D; appreciate, a-pre-SH-A-T; 
protect, pro-T-e-K; appropriate, a-pro-pre-A-T; pro- 
vide, pro-V-I-D; preside, pre-S-I-D; queer, Kw-E-R; 
quilt, Kw-i-Elt; quake, Kw-A-K; differ, Def-e-R; 
diffident, Def-i-Den-T; edify, e-Def-I; division, Def-i- 



day's standard shorthand. 57 

shon; activity, a-K-Tiv-i-T-i; testify, T-e-S-Tef-I; 
positive, P-o-S-Tive; dative, D-A-Tiv; objective, ob- 
ject:Tiv; sister, Ses-ter; system, Ses-Tem; suspicious, 
Sus-P-i-SH; possess, P-o-Ses; laces, L-A-Ses; stop, 
Steh-o-P; steady, Steh-e-D-i; taste, T A-Steh; jest, 
J-e-S-T; stile, Steh-I-L; aimed, A-eMd; rent, R-e-eNt; 
entrance, eNt-R-a-N-S; prompt, per-o-eMt; camped, 
Ka-eMt; attendance, a-Ten-Den-S; tendency, Ten- 
Den-S-i; temper, Tem-per; denial, Den-I-L,; demolish, 
Dem-o-L-i-SH; damage, Dem-A-J, madden, M-a-Den; 
maiden, M-A-Den; maintain, Men-Ten. 

We have your favor of the 8th and would say, you 
may purchase for us, and ship by railway, one barrel 
of sugar, two barrels of rice, four tubs of butter, one 
keg of pickels, and twenty-five boxes of pepper. If 
for any reason you are unable to make the purchase 
please let us know at once. Our check for $86.00 
will go by first mail. We hope you will give prompt 
attention to the shipping of the goods mentioned 
above; in doing so you will oblige. 

After the above letter has been written and corrected practice copy- 
ing it until it can be written, from dictation, neatly and correctly, in 
one minute and a half. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW— ELEVENTH LESSON. 

What do we understand by combined consonants? What four letters 
are shaded to add r? Give the syllable names. What two letters are 
shaded to add t and d? Give the syllable names. Shading TH adds what 
letter? Give the syllable name? What do we understand by z "tick" 
when applied to shorthand? A shaded tick written downward in any 
slanting direction expresses what combination of consonants and what 
two syllables? A vertical shaded tick .expresses what combination of con- 
sonants? Give the syllable names. What two additional syllables may the 
advanced writer express by the same sign? How is the combination kw 
expressed? How are the syllables def. tif, dev, and div. expressed? 
What syllable is expressed by the same sign at the end of a word? How 
are the syllables ses, sus. ces, sys expressed? The combined consonants 
st and zd may be expressed how? NT and MD joined without an angle 
and written up as a curve express what syllables? TN and DN joined 
and written up as a curve express what syllables? 



58 day's standard shorthand. 



TWELFTH LESSON. 



Vowels Combined with Consonants. 

The combining of vowels and consonants by initial and final circles, 
loops, and hooks, is another admirable method of shortening words, the 
same adding greatly to the ease and speed in writing many of the fre- 
quent occurinsr words. 

103. Reversing the large circle vowels E, A, AH, 
and the small circle vowels i, e, a, at the beginning of 
straight line consonants, prefixes s to the vowel. In 
order to distinguish S and the vowel as separate letters 
from s combined with a vowel, the latter are named 
sE, sA, sAH, for the large circles, and si, se, sa, for 
the small circles, and the same are pronounced together 
and not as separate letters. 



seat 


same 


psalm 


sit 


said 


satchel 


sE-T 


sA-M 


sAH-M 


si-T 


se-D 


sa-CHel 


a - 


<r 


st- 


a— 


G 


v. 



104. Reversing the large hook vowels AW, O, OO, 
and the small hook vowels, o, u, 00, at the beginning 
of straight line consonants, prefixes s to the vowel. 
The names given to the hook vowels and consonants 
combined in one sign is as follows: for the large 
hooks, sAW, sO, sOO, and for the small hooks, so, 
su, soo, and the same are spoken together and not as 
separate sounds. 



sought 


sowed 


summer 


such 


sod 


supper 


sAW-T 


sO-D 


su-M-R 


su-CH 

; 


so-D 


su-per 
I 



105. Writing an initial loop on straight line conso- 
nants, either side, according to convenience, and on 



day's standard shorthand. 



59 



the inside of curved consonants, prefixes ex. When 
ex occurs in the middle or at the end of a word, or 
when initially it is followed by a distinct vowel sound, 
it is expressed by e and vertical S, the right or left 
hand S being used according to convenience, as in per- 
plex and exhale. The name ex is used whether the 
sound is expressed by the loop or e-S (vertical S); the 
writer readily determining the proper form from the 
rule given above. 



examine 
ex-a-Men 



example 
ex-M-Pel 



extall 
ex-T-AW-L 



exchange 
ex-CH 



exchequer 
ex-CH-K-R 



...3^1. 



/ 



explain expose extend perplex exhale 

ex-pel-N ex-P-O-S ex-Ten-D per-Pel-ex ex-A-L 



£?~V} 



.JLul. 



In addition to the method of implying t and d by shading R and L, 
there is presented in this lesson the principle of representing them, when 
final, in connection with a preceding vowel. 

106. Writing the hook and circle vowels, including 
the diphthong OU, on the reverse side of straight final 
strokes adds t and d; making the hooks and circles 
large for the long vowds, and small for the short 
vowels. In order to distinguish t and d represented 
by a stroke from the same letters expressed in connec- 
tion with a vowel, are indicated in the nomenclature 
by the lower case t and d, and the two are to be pro- 
nounced as a syllable as shown in the illustrative 
words below. 



toad 


dot 


note 


jot 


shod 


doubt 


T-Od 


D-ot 


N-Ot 


J-ot 


SH-od 


D-OUt 


~3 


> 


/" 


J 


J 


Z32... 



6o day's standard shorthand. 



date 


debt 


jet 


Ned 


cheat 


shout 


D-At 


D-et 


J-et 


N-ed 


CH-Et 


SH-OUt 


o 


_, 


... V 


/? 


J 


_J 



107. The expressing of t and d in connection with a 
circle vowel on a curved stroke, at the end of a word, 
is accomplished by simply making the vowel into a 
large loop for the large circle vowels, and into a small 
loop for the small circle vowels. The naming of the 
vowels, in connection with the t and d, and their pro- 
nunciation, is the same as in the section above. 



late 
L-At 


plate 
Pel-At 


feet 
F-Et 


paid 
P-Ad 


wait 
W-At 


^J? 


/** 


<r 


/^ 


V^ 


pet 
P-et 


light 
L-It 


fat 
F-at 


get 
G-et 


wit 
W-it 


....<C5>. 


v^> 




A. 


v^> 



108. While the expressing of t and d with a preced- 
ing vowel is intended for words ending in t or d, the 
principle may occasionally be used to advantage in the 
middle of words as shown in the illustrative words 
below. 

political Medway threaten perpetual 

Pel-it-Kel M-ed-W-A Ther-et-N per-P-et-CHel 



X 



/$a : £ £. 



109. When t and d are final and preceded by a hook 
vowel on a curved stroke, express the t and d by ter- 
minating the hook with a small dot; this is easily ac- 
complished by pressing the pen upon the paper the 
instant the hook is completed. In the nomenclature, 
in order to indicate that t and d are to be expressed by 
a dot, they are printed in lower case letters, and in 



day's standard shorthand. 6 1 

connection with the vowel are to be pronounced as a 
syllable. 

bought load food vote wood 

B-AWt L-Od P-OOd V-Ot W-ud 

r? sJa c C L 



pot lot Watt abut bud 

P-ot L-ot W-ot a-B-ut B-ud 



no. In endings where t and d are implied by mak- 
ing a preceding vowel into a loop, or the hook vowel 
by writing it on the reverse side of a straight line con- 
sonant, the plural number, possessive case, and the 
third person singular of a verb in the present tense, 
are indicated by adding S. In words ending in the 
loop, observe that the S is frequently formed by slightly 
extending the line forming the loop, as in the second 
line below. 



notes 


dots 


shots 


moods 


.lots 


N-Ot-S 


D-ot-S 


SH-ot-S 


M-OOd-S 


J-ob-S 


>"3 


i 


1 


'....s± 


J 








/ 




bats 


rates 


fits 


waits 


kites 


B-at-S 


R-At-S 


P-it-S 


W-At-S 


K-It-S 




.V 7 


r~ 


^o 


> 



in. On curved consonants, where the t and d are 
implied by ending the hook with a dot, the s is ex- 
pressed by enlarging the dot. 



lots 


coats 


yachts 


loads 


votes 


L-ots 


K-Ots 


Y-ots 


L-Ods 


V-Ots 


^J? 


J 


"^ 


S_2 


(T 



62 day's standard shorthand. 

112. When ly or i end words preceded by a loop 
representing a circle vowel and t or d, express the 
termination by a small circle turned on the opposite 
side of the line. 

laddie badly medley gladly 

L-ad-i B-ad-li M-ed-li Gel-ad-li 



^ 



Reading Exercise. 



b 3 , ■ • ? ^ • ?/ ° ) 






- r • ^ ^ • ^ . " c ^ ^ 



^/ x r 7 ^n & c • ^! _ • ^ / ■ " - / 



day's standard shorthand. 63 

Writing Exercise. 

sight, sI-T; seed, sE-D; seen, sE-N; siege, sE-J; 
side, sI-D; sign, sI-N; seem, sE-M; settle, se-Tel; 
saddle, sa-Del; simper, si-M-per; sadder, sa-der; 
sewed, sO-D; suds, su-D-S; soon, sooN; somber, 
so-M-ber; sober, sO-ber; solder, so-der; sunrise, su-N- 
R-I-S; expel, ex-Pel; explode, ex-Pel-O-d; extension, 
ex-Ten-shon; exact, ex-a-K; exaggerate, ex-a-Jer-At; 
exclaim, ex-Kel-A-M; expert, ex-per-T; export, ex- 
P-O-Art; expose, ex-P-OS; exculpate, ex-Kel-P-At; 
exhaust, ex-AW-S; prefix, pre-F-ex; affix, a-F-ex; 
vortex, V-AW-Art-ex; matrix, M-a-ter-ex; taught, 
T-AWt; toad, T-Od; dote, D-Ot; naught, N-AWt; 
note, N-Ot; Mott, M-ot; mud, M-ud; planet, Pel-a- 
N-et; dictate, D-i-K-T-At; mood, M-OOd; jut, J-ut; 
shoot, SH-OOt; tide, T-Id; deed, D-Ed; died, D-Id; 
date, D-At; need, N-Ed; night, N-It; terminate, ter- 
Men-At; meet, M-Et; mat, M-at; cheat, CH-Et; 
sheet, SH-Et; shed, SH-ed; paid, P-Ad; bid, B-id; 
bait, B-At; rate, R-At; ride, R-Id; late, L-At; fed, 
F-ed; evade, e-V-Ad; wed, W-ed; threat, Ther-et; 
gad, G-ad; separate, S-e-per-At; rabbit, R-a-B-it; 
debate, D-e-B-At; confide, dot: F-Id; reside, R-e-S-Id; 
Palatka, Pel-at-K-a; habitual, a-B-it-CHel; alphabet- 
ical, a-E-F-B-et-Kel; phonetic, F-O-N-et-K; witness, 
W-it-N-S; pot, P-ot; applaud, a-Pel-AWd; wrought, 
R-AWt; rut, R-ut; foot, F-oot; caught, K-AWt; 
coat, K-Ot; Watt, W-ot; dotes, D-Ot-S; notes, N-Ot-S; 
shoats, SH-Ot-S; motes, M-Ot-S; pats, P-at-S; leads, 
L-Ed-S; lights, L-It-S; waits, W-At-S; fates, F-At-S; 
slats, Sel-at-S; reads, R-Ed-S; fleets, Fel-Et-S; floats, 
Fel-Ot:dot; coats, K-Ot:dot; pots, P-ot:dot; boats, 
B-Ot:dot^ floats, Fel-Ot:dot; flatly, Fel-at-li; madly, 
M-ad-li; lately, L-At-li; Getley, G-et-li. 

REVIEW QUESTIONS-TWELFTH LESSON. 

Reversing a circle vowel at the beginning of a straight line conso- 
nant prefixes what letter to the vowel? Give the names of the circle 
vowels with s prefixed. What letter is prefixed to the hook vowels by 



64 day's standard shorthand. 

reversing the hook at the beginning of a straight line consonant? Give 
the names of the hook vowels with s prefixed. Writing an initial loop 
on either side of a straight consonant prefixes what syllable? When ex 
occurs in the middle of a word, at the end. or is initially" followed by a 
distinct vowel sound how is it expressed? Writing the hook and circle 
vowels on the reverse side at the end of straight line consonants adds 
what two letters to the vowel? How are t and d added to circle vowels 
on curved consonants? Is the loop for expressing t and d with a preced- 
ing vowel permitted in the middle of words? How are the letters t and 
d added to a hook vowel on a curve? When t and d are implied by a 
hook vowel on a straight line consonant how is the plural number and 
possessive case indicated? How is s added to a loop? How is s implied 
when the hook vowel ends with a dot? How are the terminations i and 
ly expressed when preceded by a loop ? 



THIRTEENTH LESSON. 



Word-Signs of two Consonants, with Vowels — 
Arranged Alphabetically with Nomen- 
clature. 

Another list of word-signs now claims your attention, a list of very 
frequent occurence in commercial dictation, and the same must be 
learned as thoroughly as you are supposed to have mastered the pre- 
ceding lists. The signs are very suggestive of the words for which they 
stand, and following the directions given in the sixth lesson they can be 
learned in a very short time. 



113. Word-Signs, 
a 

..O able, A-Bel2 



He 



address, a-der3-S 



.... /f. admit-ed-ance, a-M3-it 

sr^> above, B2-V 

f ....CZ. advice, advise-ed, 

* a-V*-I-S 

...J accept-ed-ation. 

a " K2 " S . .../?. afterward, a-F3-Ard 



...|^ again, a-G3-N 



...^7 acceptable. a-K 2 -S-Bel 

...C/. according-ly, a-K2-R 

a .....a agree. a-Ger3-E 

..JL account, a-R2-T & 



■€• 

-ft 

....<£< 

p 

...■SLo. 

-<C9 

*cy 

_j^ 

p- 

c 

Va£r™ 

V 

"y 

j£ 

y. 

-4- 



day's standard shorthand. 65 

agreeable-ly,a-Gers-B C^TTl. believe, Bi-L-E 

amount, a-eMt s Belong, Bi-L 

another, a-N2-THer tzs^tL. bill, B2-L 

answer, a-N2-S c±^... business, B'2-S 

anywhere, N^-i-W-a C 

arrange-ed-ment, ) ^ cannot, K3-N 

a-R3-A ** 

arrive-al, a-R3-I .....Attts.-... capable, K"2-Bel 

astonish-ed-ment, i careful-ly, K3-a-F 

a-S2-Ten V 

assure, a-Sher3 cause, because, K*-S 

at. all, Tel 3 \ character, K3-a-K 

author-ity, AW-Theri £/.. certain, S2-Ten 

awhile, I »-L J. collect-ed-tion, Kel 2 -K 

await, W 3 -At *■-■ convenient, con: V2-eNt 

B combine-ed-ation, B*-N 

balance. B3-L -' commercial, com: 

R-SHel2 

because, cause, K-S .....:.J communicate-ed,com: 

N2-K-At 

become, B2-K ....'J. communication, com: 

N2-K-A-shon 

Lefore, B2-F — comply, com: Peli-I 

begin, G-t-N ■■) conclude, con: Kel 2 -U 

i 

begun, G 2 -N consider-ed-ation, con: 

si-der 1 

began, Gs-N considerable, consi- 

der t-B 

belief, B-L-E-Fi £— confirm, con:F2-M 



66 



day's standard shorthand. 



<L 



.kr..... 
...U.. 



conform, con:Fi-R 
correct, Ki-R 
corrected, Ki-R-ed 
correction, Ki-R-shon 
course, R2-R-S 



...Z^T. country, K2-eNt 

...^/..~ custom, K 2 -S-Tem 

D 

--rr^-7. dear sir, D2-S 

decide, D-S-D 

.....rrrrr: deliver-ed-y, Del 2 

<<■■ demand, Dem^-eNd 

- desire, D-Si 

desirous, D-Sesi 

-— -^ differ-ent, Def2 



^jx differs, difference, 

Def2-S 

--^ difficult-y, Def 2-K 

-j direct, der2-e-K 

discount, Di-i-S 

•• doctor, D-o-Ki 

••^^•- doubt, D-OUt2 

■"-••"•/• down, D3-N 



draft, der2- a -F 
E 



...Cy. effort, e-F2-Art 



either. E-Theri 

^ enclose-ed, N2-K 

72... ..—. enlarge-ed, N-J3 

.<T^ enough, N2-U-P 

enquire-ed-y, N2-K-I 
. en route, N2-R-OOt 
entire, eNti-R 



-0- 



..c^.... 



...& 

C 



J5l 

a... 

J... 



• equal, E-KeU 

establish-ed-ment, 
Steh2-a-B 

esteem-ed, e-S2-Tem 

estimation, e-S 2 -Tem- 
A-shon 

everybody, V1-B-0 
- everything, Yi-i:ing 
..everywhere, Vi-i-W-a 
. even-ing, E-V*-N 
.. evident-ence, e-V2-Den 

exchange, ex-CH2 
... examine-ation. ex-M2 



...%r^ except, ex-e-P2 



day's standard shorthand. 

got, Gi-T 



..._6C) expect, ex-P2-K 

V extend-ed, ex-Ten? 



.L. 



great, Ger2 



67 



__C«p«si failure, F2-A-L-R 

.... ( r^. fall, Ff-L 

/^ faniiliar-ity, F3-M 

C_* farther, further, F2-R- 
{ Ther 

..d^Tx favorable, F2-A-B 

_j£^ firm, F2-M 



.. find, Fi-eNd 



r 



..forever, F2-V 



C 



.form, Fi-R 

..O forward, F2-Ard 

-Ci from, Fa-R 



~f' 



hand, a-eNd3 

-.^y- happen, a-P3-N 

herewith, R-"with" 

^ hesitate, e-S2,-i-tet 

—Xo history , i-Ster-i 1 

£ house, OU-S2 



- important-ance.Mt-per 

improve ment, M3 per 
. impossible-ity, Mi-P 



-f- 
...jfc..... 

■f 

f 

:) 



- found-ed-ation, F3-eNd .... .<?.... interest, N2-e-S 



A.. 



full, Fel3 




... into, Ni "to" 


fund, F2-eNd 


4 


... inquire-y, N-K2-I 


future, F2-CHer 


.../>. 


— instant-ance, N2-S 


G 


-*4r- 


- insurance. N3-SH-00 


gave, govern-ment, 
G2-V 


1 


- invoice, N2-V-S 


general-ly, J2-e-N 


.^. 


irregular-ity. e-R-G- 


glad, Gels -ad 


=!= 


•• it will, Tel a 



68 

-i 

...Jr. 

A 

>- 
±... 

^ 



DAY'S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

J million. Mi-i-L 

January, J 3 -a-X _ mind. Mi-I-eXd 

judge, J2-u-J ..../. more. M?-R 

just. J2-Steh ....^J motion. M2-Oshon 

jobber. Ji-o-ber -^4- movement. M3-V 

K .<^T...... most. must. M2-S 

kind. Ki-I-X /^ Mr..M?-i-Ster 

knowledge. X-J 2 ,/_... Mrs. . M2-i-Ses 

known. X^-O-X >^- 

L ....^.. nature. X-A3-CHer 

last. L3-a-S /C?. necessary. X^-Ses 

learn. L2-e-R ^Z.... necessity. X 2 -e-S-e-S 

let. L2 et near. Xi-E-R 

A 

little. Li -it neither, X-E-Theri 

Lord. Aird .....<•£ never. X2-Y 

M -<^ next. X2-ex 

made. M^-Ad ..s^.- n0ne.X2.u-X 

manner. Mens -R ....^c.. no one. - no"-OOX 

matter. M3-a-ter — - ^\ no other. "no^-Ther 

member, remember. nor. Xi-R 

M2-ber 

mention. Men^-shon -^\ nothing. X2-TH 

Messrs.. M^-Ses -- number. X?-u-M 



day's standard shorthand. 



69 



„£>r«^.... oblige, 0-B-L2 

J^d obligation, O-B-L 2 :shon 



objection, "object": 
shon 



\. objective, "object" :Tiv 

objector, "object"-R 



■ often, Pi-N 



..C^. opinion, OP2-i-N 

P 



..C. 



...a.. 



..-.,0... 

,l 






• opportunity, o-peri 
order, O-D2 
ordinary, AW-Ardi 

-other,u-Ther2 

P 

..particular, P-AHts 

..peculiar-arity, P-K> 

.. perhaps, purpose, 
per^-P 

- please. Pi-L-E-S 

• • pleasure, Pel 2 

• position, P2-O 

• prefer-red, prei-F 

■ prefers-ence. pre'-F-S 



...k..... 



principle-al, P-R2 
propose, pro-P-02 
public, P2-B 



publish -er cation, 
P2-Bel 

- purpose, perhaps, 



• prepare -ed-ation, 
per- Ei 



^C- 



...."3L 

-■-?•-■ 
...a... 

..4.'. 



per P2-f 
Q 

. question, K^-N 

. quite, Kwi-T 
quiet, Kw-1 1 -T 

R. 
railroad, R2-R 
railway, R2-W 
rather, R-a-Ther3 

. read, Ri-Ed 
receipt, R-Si-E 
receive, R2-e-S 
refer-red, R-F? 
refers-ence, R-F2-S 
regard, R-e-G^-AH 
regret, R-e-G 2 
regular- ity, EG- 



7o 



r 

■r- 
y 



J 






>T5 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

remain, R 2 -e-Men -—(-• state, Steh2-At 

remember, member. .— * stand-ard. Steh2-'eNd 

M2-ber 

remit-ed-ance.Ri-e-M ...A<.. stenography-er. 

S2-Ten-0 

• repeat-ed tion, Ri-E-P -Arr street, S2-T 

reply, R-Pi • y subject, S2-J 

report. R2-P-0 ?.. such, Su-CH2 

represent-ed-ation. .—A suggest-ed-tion, Sa-u-G 

R2-P J 

return. R2-et T 

S - -^ tell, till, it will, Tel2 

■ says, Ses2 Wr^ terms, ter2-M-S 

• Saturday, S3 a-T ...fyc: than, TH2-N 

■ settle-ed-ment, se-Tel C^ then, TH2-N 

seldom, Sel 2 -Dem v --■■ their, there, they are. 

Ther2 

several. S 2 -e-Y \ therefore. Ther 2 -F 

shorthand, "short'.' -aNd *?■ these. THi-E-S 

society, "so'-S-I ip ----- this, TH2-i-S 

some. S2-M ( ----- those, thus. TH3-S 

somehow, S2-MOU ^ through, Ther3-00 

someone. S2-M-OO-N (^ throughout. Ther3- 

^ OO-T 

somewhat. S2-M- £ thyself. THi-I-S 

"what" 

somewhere, S2-M- - ~=* *--- told. T2-Eld 

'•where*' 

speak, speech. Si -P-E ttt^/. toward, T 2 -Ard 



■h 

\ 

J..... 



day's standard shorthand 

, trade, ter2-Ad 
. true, ters-00 
. truth-ful,ter3-00-Th 
U 



■ • understand , ' ' under ' ' - 
Steh-a 



• understood, "under" 
Steh-u 



71 

..-„.W wherever, "where"-Y 

... Y whichever, "which"-V 

....^? whether, W2-e-Ther 

Q. whoever, "who"-Y 

is 



unknown, U-N2-0-N 

aa- until. Tels 

<CV:.... upon,u-P2-N 
Y. 

/T... valuable. "value"-B 

voucher, Y-OU-CHer 

W 

want, OOi-eNt 

warrant-ed, OOs-R-eNt 

went, OO-eNt 

whenever, "when"-Y 



within, THT-N 

A wonder, OO-Ns-der 

,.w. word, Ard2 

.s— /.. world, Eld"2 

...7~7. work, R-K2 



c 



c. 



— fa« yard, Y2-D 

-^y yes, Y2-S 

-^ yes sir, Y'2-Ses 

■•(- yesterday, e-Ster2 

— -V young, Y^-NG 

—- Orrr-. yours truly, "you" :-T 



-*- 



114. Some of the signs are more easily written by a 
slight variation from established forms; thus, M in 
"impossible" should be more slanting than usual, 
while N may be frequently much shorter than its ordi- 
nary length as illustrated in "enlarge" and "enclose" 
and the syllable Men may be lengthened a little to 
more readily distinguish it from M. Not all, but the 
majority of the word-signs are arranged according to 



7 2 day's standard shorthand. 

the position of the first vowel, but where this is not 
the case it is so that they will not conflict with some 
other word in the same position, or because of their 
frequent occurrence. 



Reading Exercise. 
^ V C ^ x - tC^l f / -<o — - v ^ 

5^ 7 
N • V / ^ ( , „ ^ 1 J _ ^ A ? , x * 

^' c _ c c ^- 4> c - / c r^ g- v - ^ c y ^ 

- -» , ^ r -^ ^ / 13 n ' - -^W 1 



day's standard shorthand. 73 




Writing Exercise. 

Dear Sir: We wish you would make out our bill 
for last month and we will arrange for paying it by 
the first of July. We hope our delay in paying the 
sum due will not embarrass you in any way. It is 
our desire to make np for any loss the delay may have 
caused you, knowing this is the way you would do by 
us. Thanking you for waiting on us so long, we aie, 
Yours truly. 

Gentlemen: The package you asked us to forward 
will go forward by steamer on Saturday, and it ought 
to reach you not later than next Wednesday 
(W-e-N-S). We hope you will receive it in time to 
be of use to the party for whom you made the 
purchase. 

We are just now asking our customers (K-S-Tem- 
R-S) to pay all. or at least something (S-M:ing) on 
the bills long due. We have several large bills. of our 
own to pay on the first of next month, and if you will 
help us out we shall be happy to have you do so. 
Hoping we shall receive check by first mail, we re- 
main, Yours truly. 



74 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



FOURTEENTH LESSON. 



Prefixes. 



Another gain in speed and ease of -writing is secured by the use of 
certain signs to represent the first syllable or combination of letters of 
maDy words. 

115. A I and or are expressed by the vowel AW, 
but when this vowel is used as a prefix it must rest 
above the line, and joined as a hook to the consonant 
following and not as a semi-circle. 

Joined Prefixes. 



almost 
AW-M-S 



alternate 
AW-ter-N-At 



organ 
AW-G-N 



ornate 
AW-N-At 



116. Be by B; that is, omitting the E. 



betake 
B-T-A-K 



behave 
B-A-V 




1 17. De by D; that is, omit the E. 



depend 
D-P-eNd 



depose 
D-P-O-S 



depart 
D-P-AHt 



depict 
D-P-K-T 



118. Sud, sup, suf,sur — expressed by the vertical 



day's standard shorthand. 75 

S, either right or left hand S, but when easier join- 
ings are secure'd the oblique S may be used. 

submit suffice supply surface 

sub-M-i-T suf-I-S sup-L-I sur-F-A-S 

^ ' **-» f 

1 19. Ul — expressed by the vowel u joined as a hook 
and not as a semi circle. 



ul-Tem-A-T ul-Tem-O ul-Tem-A-Tem ul-ter-a 

j j y £ 

Disjoined Prefixes. 

120. The disjoined prefixes must be written near to 
but not touching the remainder of the word, and the 
colon in the nomenclature is used to indicate where 
the parts of the word are disjoined. The position of 
words of short outline is determined by the first vowel 
in the part of the word following the prefix. 

The prefixes can be easily and quickly learned if the pupil will notice 
that the signs for the prefixes are, with few exceptions, the first letter or 
the first two letters of the prefix. 

121. Ante, anti — expressed by the vowel a written 
in any position before the remainder of the word. 

antelope antidote Antichrist 

ante:L-0-P anti:D-0-T anti:K-R-I-S 



■U- 



122. Co?i, com, cog, coun — expressed by a small dot 
placed before the remainder of the word; accom by a 
heavy dot. This principle was presented in section 5^. 

convey commit cognate counsel accompany 

con:V-A com:i-T cog:N-A-T coun:Sel accom : P-a-X-i 

c. :.!z .^ \ ,: .^ 



76 



day's standard shorthand. 



123. Circ y circu, circum, self — expressed by the right 
or left hand S written above the line and partly over 
the remainder of the word. 



circle circulate circumstance 

circ:L ciren:L-A-T circum:S-Ten-S 



selfish 
self:i-.SH 



:>^J?:.. 



. J it... 



124 Contra, contro, counter — expressed by K 



contraband 
contra :B-a-eNd 



control 
contro : L 



counterpart 
counter: P-AH-T 



countersign 
counter :S-I-N 



Jaa 



j^ 



125. Decom, discon, discern — expressed by D. 

decompose discontinue discomfort 

decom : P-O-S discon : Tin-U discom : F-R-T 

=^ =^ — Cs- 



126. Distra, distri — expressed by D-S. 



distracted 
distra :K-ted 



distraught 
distra: A W-T 



distribution 
distri :B-U-shon 



district 
distri :K-T 



#Z*h 



u.... 



127 Electri, electro — expressed by.e-L. 

electric electrify electrocute electrotype 

electri :K electri :F-I electro : K-U-T electro :T-I-P 



,c 



a_ 



128 Enter, inter, int?'o—exy>res>t.d by N writttn o?i 
the line. 



eTitertain 
enter: Ten 



interchange 
inter: CH 



introduce 
intro:D-U-S 



interpose 
inter: P-O-S 



..//.. 



-^ 



day's standard shorthand. 



77 



129. Extra — expressed by e-S, the right or left 
hand vertical being used for this prefix. 



extract 
ex:K-T 


extradotal extractive 
ex:D-0-Tel ex:K-Tiv 


extraordinary 
ex:AW-Ard 


14 


.fczfe U 


^ 


130. For, 


X 
fore — expressed by F 




forger 
for:Jer 


formation foretell 
for-M-A-shon fore: Tel 


foreground 
fore:Ger-OU-N 


a 


cA ■ c. 


Cm:. 



131. Incon s incom, encum — expressed by N-K. 

inconstant incomplete incompetent encumbrance 

incon:Steh-eNt incom :Pel-Et incom : P-Ten-T encum :ber-a-N-S 



.......4^..... 



■4' 



,^., 



132. — Intel — expressed by N written above the line. 



intelligence 
intel:J-N-S 



intellective 
intel:e-K-tive 



intelligible 
intel:J-Bel 



£S. 



133.. Mag-j, magne, magni — expressed by M; the 
remainder of the word beginning, when convenient, 
partly under the prefix. 



magnetic 
mag:N-et-K 

^ 



magnate 
mag:N-At 



magnesia 
magne:SH-a 



-V- 



magnify 
magni: FT 



134. Miscon, miscom — expressed by M-S. 

misconduct misconstrue misconceive miscompute 

miscon:D-u K miscon:SterOO miscon:S-E-V miscom:P-U-T 



%- 



..^<£. 



78 



day's standard shorthand. 



135. Multi — expressed by M-u 

multiply multitude multiple 

multi: Pell multi :T-U-D multi: Pel 

Z"* A^-. Ak 



multiform 
multi :F-R 

,/C 



136. Not — expressed by N-o written on the line. 

non-resistance non-metallic non-attendance non-member 

non:R-e-Ses-Ten S non:M-et-L-K non:a -Ten-Den-S non:M-ber 



?^J- 



.2^.... 



J£l 



137. Noncom, ?ioncon — expressed by N-o written 
above the line. 



non-concur 
noncon:K-R 



:<^... 



non-compliance 
noncom : Pei -I-N-S 



non-committal 
noncom :i -Tel 



138. Para — expressed by P. 



parable parachute paradigm paradise 

para: Bel para:SH-OOt para:Dem para:D-I-S 



=4- 



139. Recon, recom, recog — expressed by R. 



reconcile 
recon:S-I-L 



reconsider 
recon:se-der 



recompense 
recom:P-N-S 



recognize 
recog: N-I-Z 



<*dL 



140. Super — expressed by the right-hand S written 
on the line. 



superfine 
super :F-I-N 



supersede 
super :S-E-D 



superscribe 
super: S-K-I-B 



j.U,. 



day's standard shorthand. 79 

141. Suspe, suspi, suscep — expressed by Ses. 

suspense suspicious susceptible 

suspe :N-S suspi :SH-u-S suscep :T-Bei 

sh ; 4 i^c>. 

142. Trans — expressed by T. 

translate 'transmute transpose transact 

trans:K-A-T trans: M-U-T trans:P-0-S trans.a-K-T 



143. [/neon, uncom — expressed by u-N-K. 

unconscious uncontested uncomplaining 

uneon:SH-U-S uncon : T-e-S-t-e-d uncom:Pel-A-N-ing 

d)> <S).^. <s).^:.. ' 



144. Uyirecon, unrecom, unrecog — expressed by N-R, 

unreconciled unrecompensed unrecognize 

unrecon : S-I-Eld unrecom : P-N-S unrecog : N-I-Z 



Prkfix Principles. 

145. Any syllable or combination of letters that are 
similar in sound to the prefixes given above may be 
represented by such prefix sign. Among such are: 
anti< by the sign for anti, a; cong by con, light dot; 
contri by contro, K; discoun by discon, D-S; distru 
by distri, D-S; incog, encoun by incon, N-K; magna 
by magni, M, etc. 

146. When a prefix sign is preceded by a syllable it 
may be expressed by joining the letter to the prefix. 



8o 



DAY'S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



undecompose 
u-Ndecom:PO-S 



unselfish 
u-N-self:i-SH 



unforeseen 
u-N-fore:S-E-N 



■■^■■» 



...^L 



■-<■■ 



cT 



disencumber 
D-S-encum:ber 



uncircumscribed 
u-N-circum:S-K-I-B 



^U- 



uninterested 
u-inter:e-S-Ted 

</.% 



147. The pn fixes con, com, or cog, may sometimes 
be implied by writing the next word partly under, or 
near to the preceding, as illustrated below. 



generally contented 



they compensated 



their condition 



M±.... 



...feczs? :... 



...til.. 



148. Con and com may also be implied in connec- 
tion with the preposition in, by writing the word fol- 
lowing partly under the sign for in. 



in connection 



in comparison 



in conjunction 



z 



3Z.. 



^ 



149. The careful writer may frequently join some of 
the prefixes without in any way endangering the legi- 
bility of his notes, providing the junction would be 
easy and the outline readily formed. Among those 
that may be frequently joined are: for-e, ente-, i?iter, 
intro, incom, incon, and a number of others in certain 
words; what these are the pupil's judgment will deter- 
mine as he becomes familiar with the general outline 
of words. 

1 so. Word-signs may also be used as prefixes, and 
among those which can be used to advantage are the 
following: after, every, favor, here, out, over, short,, 
to, under, where, and by the advanced writer the list 
could be extended. 



day's standard shorthand. 



81 



When convenient, the word-signs when used as pre- 
fixes are joined to the word following. 



M _ . .c 



Reading Exercise. 



-V 



w- 



fc±- 



_^L 



/ n A 



~~r 



^t_ 



10 J)/ r is 



M- 



^? 






rl / ' ^^J^JLl 



^-^ 



"•y ) 



J^ 



~^A_ 



W-^J c 



r 



<q ^O c r a / rkr /> -il c, c^- 



^ 



y)^> </ (o «~i\ // 



io c x d 



■ s-r, 



1 X< . ■ A 



82 day's standard shorthand. 



: v- 



z: 



v Lib . ^ - -/ ry w /^ *;/■,,-.„ 



/ 



O/ i — e -^ o-.^ 



V/ ^ 






^/ V ~7 



.^ - (./ / —/--<■ . ^ ■ ^ ^ ' x ' :^Z 



Writing Exercise. 

alternative, AW-ter-N-a-Tiv; alterative, AW-ter-a- 
Tiv; alteration, AW-ter-a-shon; orchard, AW-CHer- 



day's standard shorthand. 83 

D; ordinate, AW-Den-At; organ, AW-G-a-N; beget, 
B-Get; behind, B-I-eNd; belabor, B-L-A-ber; betake, 
B-T-A-K; betide, B-T-Id; deride, D-R-Id; deprive, 
D-per-I-V; deploy, D-Pel-OI; desist, D-Ses; sub- 
divide, sub-Def-Id; subbase, sub-B-A-S; sublime, sub- 
1,-1- M; subserve, sub-S-e-R-V; supper, sup-per; sup- 
press, sup-per-S; supply, sup-Pel-I; suppliance, sup- 
L-I-N S; supplant, sup-Pel-a-eNt; suffocate, suf-O-K- 
At; suffix, suf-F-ex; suffer, suf-R; suffrage, suf-R-A- 
J; survey, ser-V-A; survival, sur-V-I-Vel; surprise, 
sur-per-I-S; surrogate, sur-O-G-At; ulster, ul-Ster; 
ulterior, ul-ter-i-R; ultraism, ul-ter-a-S-M; antecham- 
ber, ante:CH-M-ber; ante-bellum, ante:Bel-u-M; anti- 
quate, ante:Kw-At; antimony, anti:M-0-N-i; anti- 
climax, anti:Kel-I-M-ex; consent, con:S-eNt; con- 
scious, con:SH-S; connective, con:e-K-Tiv; compute, 
com:P-U-T; comport, com:P-0-Art; cognation, cog:N- 
A-shon; cognitive, cog:N-i-Tiv; countenance, coun:- 
Ten-N-S; circlet, circ:L-e-t; circuit, circ:i-t; circ- 
ulation, circu:I^-A-shon; circular, circu:a-R; cir- 
cumscribe, circum:S-K-I-B; circumvent, circum:- 
V-eNt; self-acting, self:a-K-T-ing; self-culture, 
self:Kel-CHer; self-help, self:e-L-P; contrary, con- 
tra:R-i; contradiction, contra:D-i-K-shon; control- 
ler, contro:L-e-R; controversy, contro:Ver-S-i; de- 
compound, decom:P-OU-eNd; disconnect, discon:e-K- 
T; discontent, discon:Ten-T; discommode, di scorn :0- 
D; discomfit, discom:F-it; distraction, distra:K-shon; 
distractive, distra:K-Tiv; distribute, distri:B-u-T; 
distrust, distru:S-T; electrician, electri:SH-N; elec- 
trify, electri:F-I; electroplate, electro: Pel- At; electro- 
magnet, electro:M-a-G-N-et; enterprising, enter:per- 
I-S-ing; enteritis, enter:I-T-S; interlap, inter:L-a-P; 
interlink, inter :L-iNK; introduction, intro:D-u-K- 
shon; introspection, intro:S-P-K-shon; extrados, 
extra:D-o-S; extravagant, extra :V-G-eNt; forage, 
for:A-J; forbear, for-B-R; forecast, fore:K-a-S; fore- 
close, for:Ke-S; inconsequent, incon:S-e-K-eNt; in- 



84 day's standard shorthand. 

contestable, incon:T-e-S-Bel, incomplete, incom:Pel- 
Et; incommode, incom:0-D; encompass, encum:P-a-S; 
magpie, mag:P-I; magical, maj:i-Kel; magnesium, 
magne:SH-u-M; magnitude, magni:T-U-D; magnifi- 
cent, magni:F-S-eNt; misconception, miscon:S-e-P- 
shon; misconceive, miscon:S-E-V; miscomputation, 
miscom:P-U-T-A-shon; multifold, multi:F-0-Eld; 
multiplex, multi:Pel-ex; non-owner, non:0-N-R; non- 
sense, non:S-e-N-S; non-concurrence, noncon:K-R-N- 
S; non-conducting, noncon:D-u-K-T:ing; parasite, 
para:S-I-T; parasol, para:S-AW-L; recondite, recon:- 
D-I-T; reconstruct, recon:Ster-u-K; recommend, 
recom-eNd; reconciliation, recon:Sel-A-shon; super- 
cargo, super-K-R-G-O; superstition, super :Steh-e- 
shon; transpire, trans: P-I-R; transfer, trans:F-R; 
transport, trans:P-0-Art; transmit, trans:M-it; uncon- 
genial, uncon:J-N-E-L; unconnected, uncon:e-K-ted; 
uncombined, uncom:B-N; uncomplaining, uncom:- 
Pel-A-N:irjg. 

Dear Sir: We enclose you a price list of such 
things as we keep in stock, and -would be pleased to 
fill any orders you may leave with us. We guarantee 
to give you the best possible terms, and will allow you 
thirty days, or more, if you wish. Hoping we may 
have the pleasure of receiving your favors, we remain, 
Yours truly. 

Dear Sir: We take pleasure in acknowledging 
receipt of your check for $827. The same has been 
placed to your credit with thanks. We shall be 
pleased to continue filling your orders for anything 
you may require in our line. Yours truly. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW-SIXTH LESSON. 

The following prefixes are joined: What is the prefix for Al and 
Or? For B? For D? For sub, sup, sur, and suf ? For ul? The follow- 
ing prefixes are disjoined: How are they written as regards the 
remainder of the word? What is the prefix sign for ante and anti ? For 
con, com, cog, and coun? For circ, circu, circum, and self? For contra, 
contro, and counter? For decom, discon, and discom? For distra and 
distri? For electri and electro? For enter, inter, andintro? For extra? 
For for and fore? For incon, incom, and encum? For mag-j, magne, and 



day's standard shorthand. 85 

magni? For miscon and miscom? For multi? For non? For noncon 
and noncom? For para? For recon, recom, and recog? For super? For 
trans? For uncon and uncom? For unrecon, unrecom and unrecog? 
What are the syllables of similar sound that may be expressed by the 
same sign? By what method may the prefixes con, com, and coun be ex- 
pressed by the same sign? By what method may the prefixes con, com, 
cog and coun be expressed other than by the small dot? Is it ever allow- 
able to join some of the disjoined signs? What word-signs may be used 
as prefix signs? Are they joined or disjoined when so used? How may 
con and com sometimes be implied in connection with the preposition in? 



FIFTEENTH LESSON. 



Affixes. 

Words are still further abbreviated by using signs to represent fre- 
quently recurring last syllables, called affixes, which method of abbrevi- 
ation adds to speed and ease of writing. 

With few exceptions, as in the case of the prefixes, the sign which 
represents the affix" is the first letter or the first two letters of the affix , 
and if the pupil will carefully note this it will aid him greatly in learning 
the signs. 

151. Acity, isity, osity — expressed by disjoining the 
right-hand S and placing near to the preceding part of 
the word. 

vivacity curiosity animosity mendacity 

Y-I-Y:acity K-U-R-i: osity a-N-i-M : osity M-end:acity 



A 



.A^j>j. 



152. Anity — expressed by disjoining a-N and plac- 
ing it near to the preceding part of the word. 

Christianity insanity vanity humanity 

K-R-i-S: anity i-N-S: anity Y: anity H-U-M:anity 



..Lf.K. 



*<, 



86 day's standard shorthand. 

153. Ble, dfy, bel, bility — expressed by B joined; 
if the joining should at any time be inconvenient the 
sign may be disjoined, and if legibility should require, 
bility may be expressed by a disjoined B. 

sensible advisable credibility 

S-e-N-S-Bel a-V-I-S-Bel K-R-ed:B 




y^~ 



-A u - 



154. Bleness, fulness, someness, soever — expressed by 
a small circle disjoined near the preceding part of the 
word. 

teacheableness sinfulness irksomeness whomsoever 

T-E-CH:bleness S-i-N : Fulness e-R-K : Someness whom: soever 

~t ^° ^ :.. 3o 



155. Ception may be expressed by S-e-P, or consid- 
ered as simply omitting shon when final and preceded 
by sep. 

acception . deception reception conception 

a-K-S-e-P D-S-e-P R-e-S-E-P con: S-e-P 



156. Fore, ful — expressed by F joined to the pre- 
ceding part of the word; occasionally, as in lawful, it 
will be necessary to disjoin the F. 

therefore bashful heretofore lawful 

there-F B-a-SH-F here-to-F L-AW:F 



J2_ 



157. Ficatioyi — expressed by F disjoined and written 
near to the preceding part of the word. 

ramification modification specification 

R-a-M-i:F M-o-D-i:F S-P-S:F 

- «^ <^~i ■.-■■■h>c 



day's standard shorthand. 



87 



158. Gram, graph, graphic, ograph, ography — ex- 
pressed by G disjoined. 



phonogram 
F-0-N-0:G 

££i 



autograph 
AU-T-0:G 



photographic 
F-0-T-0:G 

C^l 



zoography 
Z-OO.G 



V 



159. Ington, ingly — expressed by NG disjoined and 
written near to the preceding part of the word. 



Washington 
W-AW-SH:NG 



H 



^ 



Harrington 

H-a-R:NG 



Kensington 

K-N-S:NG 

MS, 



Coddington 
K-o-D:NG 

i-\ 



knowingly 
know:NG 

/k 




willingly 
willrNG 



seemingly 
S-E-M:NG 



^\ 



160. Ality, ility, arity, erity — expressed by disjoin- 
ing the stroke preceding these syllables and placing it 
in any position near to the preceding part of the word. 



popularity 
P-o:Pel 



prosperity 
per-o-S:P 



formality 
fOr:M 



singularity 
S-iNG:L 



IZ... 



...1. 



161. Less, when not more conveniently expressed 
by Iy-S joined, may be expressed by I, disjoined arjd 
written in any position near the preceding part of the 
word. 



thankless 
thank : L 



restless 
R-e-S:L 



-4- 



thoughtless 
thought :L 

( 



162. Lessness — expressed by a large disjoined circle 
written at the end of the preceding part of the word. 



88 day's standard shorthand. 

lawlessness recklessness artlessness^ thoughtlessness 

L- AW : lessness R-e-K:lessness Art:lessness thoughtlessness 

O" -f v~ <•- 



163. Ly, when it is preceded by a straight line con- 
sonant, is expressed by a small loop written on the 
vowel side of such consonants, but on curved lines it 
is expressed by ,a small circle, the vowel i. When a 
vowel and a consonant are combined and expressed by 
a small or large loop on a curve, tl^e ly or i i$ ex- 
pressed by turnng a small circle from the^point where 
the pen completes the loop, as explained in Sec. 112, 
which see. 

grimly calmy openly lately cheaply 

Ger-M-ly K-AH-M-ly O-P-N-ly L-At-ly CH-E-P-ly 

jkf .\JL C^S. ^£. h. 



164. Ment, mental, mentality, are syllables expressed 
as follows: ment by Men joined, unless the outline 
should require its being disjoined, as in assignment. 
Men, for mental and mentality, is always disjoined. 
The syllable name is Ment. 

payment assignment elemental instrumentality 

P-A-Ment a-S-I-N:Ment e-L-e:Ment N-Ster-oo:Ment 

sns^.. ^^.. x^Jt.Z. . AZ.. 

165. Ness, when not more conveniently expressed 
by N-S, may be expressed by N disjoined and written 
in any position near the preceding part of the word. 



plainness keenness sternness 

Pel-A-N:Ness K-E-N:Ness Ster-N:Ness B-ad:Ness 

- ^ — h- ^ 

166. Ology, alogy — expressed by J disjoined and 



day's standard shorthand. 89 

written in any position near the preceding part of the 
word. This affix is frequently joined. 

theology physiology biology mineralogy 

Tfl-E:J F-i-S:J B-I:J Min-e-R:J 



k 



% Q. COL 



167. Position — expressed by P-O. 

exposition. disposition opposition transposition 

ex-P-O D-i-S-P-O o-P-0 trans: P-0 



...^ =£> 5?... 



^O- 



?i68. Ship — expressed by SH disjoined and written 
in any position near the preceding part of the word. 

lordship ownership courtship ladyship 

lord:SH 0-N-R:SH K-Art:SH L-Ad-i:SH 

"1 ^q ~if ^i 

169. Tion, spelled differently, but pronounced the 
same, or nearly so, as in Grecian, fashion, evasion, 
ocean, nation, is expressed by SH made one-third its 
usual length, and is generally joined, however the 
ending of some outlines would necessitate the disjoin- 
ing of the syllable, as in option and objection. The 
syllable name is shon. This principle is also presented 
in Sec. 58, which see. 

The sound of si in vision, lesion, etc., is a hard 
sound, but is expressed by SH in shorthand as no 
trouble is experienced in reading outlines with the 
sound si expressed by the letter SH; this is better 
than representing it by a separate letter. 

Grecian fashion nation evasion option 

Ger-E-shon F-a-shon N-A-shon e-V-A-shon o-P:shon 

t f : A. £ 3 



go 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



170. Ult — expressed by the vowel u joined as a 
hook to the preceding consonant. 



consult 


adult 


result 


insult 


con:S-ult 


a-D-ult 


R-e-S-ult 


N-S-ult 


J 




v-^ 


s? 



171. ULate— expressed by the vowel u joined as a 
semi-circle — at an angle, to the consonant preceding. 
A syllable following the ulate sign may be joined to 
the sign, or disjoined, if more convenient. The first 
two words in the second line below are illustrations of 
the syllable joined; the last two of the syllable dis- 
joined. 



modulate 
M-o-D-ulate 



speculate 
S-P-K ulate 



J l- 



granulate 
Ger-a-N-ulate 

y^.. 



matriculate 
M-a -ter-i-K-ulate 



A 



speculator 
S-P-K-u-R 



inoculated 
N-o-K-u-ed 



speculative 
S-P-K-u:V 



populated 
P-o-P-u:ed 



r )f r 4 *?£- - === 

172. Ulator — expressed by the disjoined vowel u 
opening upward and written near to the preceding 
part of the word. 



stimulator 
S-tem: ulator 

2A . 



gesticulator 
J-Steh-i-K: ulator 



.4,.. 



stipulator 
Steh-i-P: ulator 



. <?T?..± 



formulator 
form: ulator 





173. Ulattve — expressed by the disjoined vowel u 
opening downward and written near the preceding 
part of the word. 



stimulative 
S-tem: ulative 

^ 



manipulative 
Man-i-P: ulative 



cumulative 
K-U-M: ulative 



speculative 
S-P-e-K: ulative 



-J/k. 



.y^h.s\.. 



day's standard shorthand. 91 

174. Unction, inction % anction — expressed by Ank 
disjoined and placed near to the preceding part of the 
word. 

sanction distinction junction compunction 

S: anction D-i-Stek:inction J: unction com: P: unction 

4c = ^ ^ ^ 

175. Uction, iction, ection, action — expressed by K 
disjoined and written near to the preceding part of 
the word. 

abduction infliction reflection traction 

a-B D:uction N-Felriction R-e-Fel: ection ter: action 

r- ■/? u 

176. Ward — expressed by Ard. 

onward leeward reward backward 

o-N-Ard L-E-Ard R-e-Ard B-K-Ard 



Affixed Principles. 

177. Word-signs may also be used as prefixes, the 
same being joined or disjoined, according to conveni- 
ence, as illustrated in the following words: 

thereon hitherto herewith Cleveland onward 

Ther:on i-Ther:to R-with Kel-E-V:land on- Ard 



..e 



y. 



178. In the naming of some of the affixes it is op- 
tional whether the sign name or the syllable name is 
given; thus, in the word owner it is only a matter of 
choice whether the nomenclature is given O-N-R, ship 
disjoined, or O-N-R, SH disjoined; in either case it 



92 day's standard shorthand. 

will be necessary to use the word "disjoined" in order 
to distinguish it from the same sign joined. 

179. While the following words: is, as, his, has, self, 
and us are not considered among the affixes, the same 
are frequently expressed by S joined to the preced- 
ing word as explained in Sec. 63, which see. Also 
see Sec. 57 for the method of expressing ing, thing, 
ings, and things when used as affixes. 

180. Syllables and word endings of similar sound to 
the regular affixes may be expressed by the same 
sign. 



Reading Exercise. 



/ r 



£.<•' < - V 



^ -e> x — ; / • t-—-~ / r ^ " 



- J =^f- 



) J N • ^ S 'V ^^'j/ > 









c/ 



day's standard shorthand. 93 



^ ^/ c — ^ - o i* ■ r ^ ^jj j, , c . 






/ ■< ■" -T , V 



-'Vi- ■ j ^— -^ g -^ 



c- / -f 



_z 



^£7 



-L- J -" '" a x • ^/ c 






Writing Exercise. 

instability, N-Steh-a-Bel; flexible, Fel-ex-Bel; di- 
gestible, D-J-S-Bel; incompatible, ircom:p-a-T-Bel; 
visibility, V-i-S:B; eligibility, e-L-i-J:B; wearisome- 
ness, W-E-R-i:someness; wholesomeness, 0-L:some- 
ness; sensibleness, S-N-S:bleness; contemptibleness, 



94 DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

con:Tem-T-i:bleness; painfulness, P-A-N: fulness; 
lawfulness, L-AW:fulness; inception, N-S-P; miscon- 
ception, M-S:S-e-P; perception, per-S-e-P; wherefore, 
where-F; heretofore, here-to-F; mouthful, M-OU- 
TH-F; faithful, F-A-TH-F; fanciful, F-N-S-i-F; edi- 
fication, e-D-i:F; qualification, Kw-L-i:F; ramifica- 
tion, R-a-M-i:F; telegram, Tel-e:G; monogram, M-o- 
N-0:G; epigram, e-P-i:G; lithograph, L-i-TH-0:G; 
photograph; F-0-T-0:G; stereography, Ster-e:G; 
biography, B-I:G; chirography, K-I-R:G; Millington, 
M-E:NG; Remington, R-e-M:NG; cheeringly, CH-E- 
R:NG; faulteringly, F-L-ter:NG; slightingly, Sel- 
It:NG; insultingly, N-S-ult:NG; charmingly, CH- 
AH-M:NG; principality, per-N-S:P; similarity, S-M- 
i:L; hospitality, H-o-S-P:Tel; vulgarity, Vel:G; 
liberality, Iy-i:ber; asperity, a-S:P; senseless, S-N-S:- 
L; masterless, M-a-Ster:L; motionless, M-0-shon:L; 
boundlessness, B-OU-N:lessness; endlessness, e-eNd:- 
lessness; groundlessness, Ger-OU-N:lessness; fairly, 
F-a-R-ly; vainly, V-A-N-ly; mainly, M-A-N-ly; sad- 
ly, sa-D-ly; kingly, K-NG-ly; Whitely, Wh-It-ly; 
lately, L-At-ly; badly, B-ad-ly; gladly, Gel-ad-ly; 
madly, M-ad-ly; casement, K-A-S-ment; filament, 
Fel-a-ment; increment, N-K-R-E-Ment; enlargement, 
N-J-Ment; embarrassment, M-ber-S-Ment; embezzle- 
ment, M-B-e-Zel-ment; adjournment, a-Jer-N:ment; 
alignment, a-L-I-N:Ment; impressment, M-per-S:- 
Ment; imprisonment, M-per S N:Ment; fundamental, 
F-eNd-a:Ment; elemental, eL-e:Mental; experimental, 
ex-per-i:Ment; calmness, K-AH-M:Ness; numbness, 
N-u-M:Ness; kindness, K-eNd:Ness; hideousness, 
i-D-i-S:Ness; phrenology, F-R-N:ology; demonology, 
D-E-Mon:ology; doxology, D-ex:ology physiology, 
F-i-S:ology; genealogy, J-e-N-e:ology; analogy, a-N:- 
alogy; preposition, per-e-P-O; decomposition, Decom:- 
P-O; imposition, M-P-O; proposition, per-o-P-O; 
composition, com:P-0; deaconship, D-E-K-N:ship; 
censorship, S-N-S-o-R:ship; scholarship, S-Kel-R:- 



day's standard shorthand. 95 

ship; friendship, F-R-e-N:ship; workmanship, work- 
Man:ship; co-partnership, K-0-P-Art:ship; faction, 
F-a-K-shon; distraction, Distra:K-shon; magician, 
M-a-J-i-shon; mathematician, M-TH-M-et-i-shon; 
arithmetician, R-i-TH-M-et-i-shon; politician, Pel-T- 
i-shon; remission, R-e-M-i-shon; conclusion, con:Kel- 
shon; physician, F-S-i->hon; exult, ex-ult; penult, 
P-E-N-ult; tumult, T-U-M-ult; articulate, R-T-i-K- 
ulate; jesticulate, J-Steh-i-K-ulate; immaculate, i-M- 
a-K-ulate; stimulate, S-Tem-ulate; adjunction, a-J:- 
unction; injunction, N- J: unction; compunction, com:- 
P:unction; extinction, ex-T:inction; contradistinc- 
tion, contra: D-Steh:inction; conjunction, con:J 
unction; deduction, Deduction; reduction, R-ed 
uction; selection, Selection; deflection, D-Fel 
ection; eviction, e-V:iction; restriction, R-e-Ster 
iction; dereliction, der-e-L:iction; resurrection, R-S- 
e-R:ection; attraction, a-ter:action; protraction, pro- 
terraction; downward, down-Ard; heavenward, e-V- 
N-Ard; outward, out- Ard; henceforward, N-S-F-Ard; 
windward, OO-eNd-Ard. 

Gentlemen: Replying to your letter of the 8th 
would say, we will place your advertisement in the 
Journal for five dollars. We will give you a position 
on the fourth page, as you request, and display it to 
the best advantage. On the first of the month we 
had on our subscription list about four thousand 
names, and the circulation is constantly increasing. 
Should you place your order we are sure you would 
continue with us. Hoping we may receive your favor 
in time for our next issue, we remain, Yours truly. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW— FIFTEENTH LESSON. 

How are the syllables ble, bly, bel. and bility expressed? If legibility 
requires how may bility be distinguished? How are the affixes bleness, 
fulness, someness, and soever expressed? Ception may be expressed 
how? Fore and full, how? Fication, how? Gram, graph, graphic, and 
ography are expressed how? How are ingly and ington expressed': How 
may the syllables ality. ility, arity, and eriiby be implied? When it is not 
convenient to express less by NS joined how may it be exi ressed? Less- 
ness is expressed how? How is ly expressed when preceded by a straight 
line consonant? On curves how is it expressed? When a vowel and a 



96 day's standard shorthand. 

consonant are expressed by a large or small loop how is a following ly 
expressed? Ment is expressed how? Mental and mentality, how? When 
it is not convenient to express ness by NS joined how may it be ex- 
pressed? Ology and alogy are expressed how? Is this affix ever joined? 
Position is expressed how? Ship, how? The affix tion. spelled differ- 
ently in many words is expressed how? When is it allowable to disjoin 
this affix? How is the ending si in vision, adhesion, etc.- expressed? Ult 
is expressed how? Ulate. how? How is a syllable following ulate ex- 
pressed? How are the endings, unction, inction. and anction expressed? 
Uction. iction. ection. action, how? Ward, how? Are word-signs used 
as affixes? When following words, how may is. as. his, has. self and us 
be expressed? How are the affixes ing and thing expressed? Ings and 
things, how? How must ing be expressed when there is but one syllable 
in the word? How may endings similar in sound to the regular affixes 
be expressed? 



SIXTEENTH LESSON. 



Phrase Writing. 

In the preceding lessons you have been instructed how to write, in 
the brief est 'manner possible, separate words. At first you were in- 
structed how to write in full short words, then the longer words, were 
abbreviated by leaving out some of the consonants and vowels, taught 
how to write words by syllabication, the consonants were lengthened, 
shortened, shaded, consonants were blended, vowels and consonants 
were combined, together with signs for the first, last, and other sylla- 
bles of the word, and for the writing of separate words where no other 
modification is possible, however, another time saving feature is secured 
by joining words, the principle presented in this lesson. 

181. Phrase writing may be defined as the express- 
ing of two or more words by a single outline. In 
joining words there is a great gain both in speed and 
legibility, and to this end the principles of phrase 
writing must be thoroughly mastered and the list 
presented written over, aga ; n and again until they 
can be written, without conscious effort, as readily as 
they could be spoken by a good reader. If you hesi- 
tate in the middle of a phrase sign to recall its proper 
form phrase writing will be of but little value. 



day's standard shorthand. 97 

182. The simplest phrasing consists of joining com- 
mon word-signs such as, it is, we have, should be, he 
will, has not, can be, we shall be, there is, etc. , writing 
these without lifting the pen from the paper, writing 
the first word of the phrase in its own or proper posi- 
tion, the others following without regard to position. 
A list of these phrases will appear in a subsequent 
section^ By reason of the frequent recurrence of the 
words the, and, a, we, all, our, it, will, and many 
others, and in order that they may be more easily 
joined it will be necessary to change the primitive 
sign for these words in some of the phrasing. 

The Dot Word-Signs, the, a, an, akd, Joined 
by a Tick. 

183. In order to join the to a word it will be neces- 
sary to change the dot to a tick, the same being joined 
to a preceding word, writing it upward or downward 
according to the convenience of joining, using the one 
that makes the sharpest angle. The is joined to the 
following word in the phrase "the first." 



do the give the 
—3 k 


in the 
^1 


is the 


but the 

1/ 


acknowledge the 


change the 

I 


pay the 
ex. 


the first 
<#. 



184. In a phrase the vertical or horizontal tick is 
used to express the dot word-signs, a, an; and, the 
same being joined to the following word, except when 
it is preceded by a dash word-sign, and a few others, 
in which case it is affixed. The horizontal is the one 
more generally used on account of its being more 
easily joined to the following word. The vertical and 
horizontal ticks for a, an, and, take the position of 



98 day's standard shorthand. 

the word to which they are joined, except when and 
is joined to another tick sign, in which case it occu- 
pies its own position, that is, below the line. 



and have 


and we and which 


an order 


a man 


l 


1 z 


-e 


-S 


but an 


of a and a and the 


in a 


a lady 


L 


^ 


r 


O^jg..... 




~i ~r 








Position. 







185. The first word of a phrase, with few excep- 
tions, is written in its own position, that is, the posi- 
tion it would occupy if standing alone. Sometimes 
the first word of a phrase may be raised or lowered in 
order to bring the second word into its proper posi- 
tion also; this gives increased legibility to the whole 
phrase without in any way affecting the legibility of 
the first word. 



we thank you 



* ,* ■ V 



I thought 



Variation of Outline for Word-Signs. 

186. The signs for a word in a phrase may take a 
different form than the sign for that word when 
standing alone, by reason of which brevity is secured 
and a corresponding increase of speed without sacri- 
fice of legibility. An illustration of this change has 
already been given in the changing of the dot sign to 
a tick. 



day's standard shorthand. 99 

Hk and Should. 

187. While he and should are not changed in form, 
when joined in a phrase may be written either upward 
or downward according to convenience of joining to 
the word with which they are phrased. 

he will he may he should should he should be 

rr: : tl 1 «* *=* 

We, With, Were, and You. 

189. When it is not convenient to express we, with, 
and were by a semi-circle joined at an angle, they are 
written as an initial hook to the following word, but 
when so written they must occupy their proper posi- 
tion, above the line for we and with, and on the line 
for were; the latter may also be written between 
words. In order to distinguish with me from with 
him it is necessary to reverse the sign for with in the 
latter phrase, and with our is written below the line. 
Note illustrations below. 



we will 


we are 


we did 


we know 


we may 


with me 
0^ 


with my 


with it 


with his 

? 


with our 


were not 


were it 


were i 


t not 


<zy 

there were not 

L 



190. In a phrase, when more conveniently joined, 
you may be reversed, and occasionally expressed as a 
hook either initially or between words. Note care- 
fully illustrations below. 



LrfC 



IOO day's standard shorthand. 

you will you are when you can your attention 

l£=k i£^. _ eg. oZ. 

you can if you can if you are your favor 

:9 * ~ f 

191. When the pronouns I, we, and you, beginning a 
phrase, are joined to the word-signs did, do, had, these 
pronouns must take the position of the word to which 
they are joined. 

you did I do we had we do I had 



Joining of the Semi-Circle Word-Signs. 

192. Repeating a right or left-hand semi-circle 
word-sign adds to the sign repeated another semi- 
circle word-sign. 



we were 


what would 


were we 


would we 


with what 


9 


3 


€ 


3 


£ 



193. Enlarging the signs for with and were, and 
opening them to the northeast, and the signs for what 
and would to the southwest, adds you to the signs en- 
larged. 

with you were you what you would you 
U. Q. 



194. Enlarging the semi-circle word-signs ye and 
you, in their natural position and direction, add to 
these signs the words were and would. 





day's standard shorthand. 


IO] 


ye were 


you would you were 


ye would 


(J 


£L- n. 


U 



What and Would Joined by a Final Hook. 

195. The semi-circle and word-signs what and would 
are joined as a final hook, written on the reverse side 
of the word-signs for of, to, he, on, it, and the hori- 
zontal tick for and. 

or what to what he would (upward) 



A. 



It, Add, Our. 

196. When more convenient, ii is expressed by the 
same sign that denotes the vowel i and the consonant 
t, that is, a small loop. See Sections 107 and 108. 

if it had it is it think it give it 

c __ :. k 1 

197. All is expressed by the vowel AW. 

by all at all of all to all for all 

^- =, ■ » £ 

198. Our is expressed by the diphthong OU. 

of our in our by our for our give our 

* ± d € d 



102 day's standard shorthand. 

Ing the, Ing a, Ing an, Ing their, Ing there. 

199. Ing the is expressed by disjoining the tick for 
the, and placing it in the place of the ing-dot. 

doing the - having the making the paying the 
.-rr^rV. C -<£- ^y 



200. Ing a and ing an are expressed by a disjoined 
horizontal or vertical tick written in the place of the 
ing-dot. 

getting an doing a having an changing a 

A — =1 jT ± 

201. Ing their and ing there are expressed by writ- 
ing the syllable THer in the place of the ing-dot. 

having their knowing their staying there doing their 

- C <dL .e.L =k 



Of The, To, Numbers. 

202. The phrase of the may be indicated by writing 
the words between which it occurs close together. 

close of the week some of the people yonr letter of the 4th 

: Jj^fL k^._ V^.kj. - 



203. To may be indicated by writing the next w 7 ord 
just below the line of writing. The letter following 
the ' to" must be a down or a horizontal stroke, and 
words so written are said to be in the fourth position. 



day's standard shorthand. 103 

204. In expressing round numbers, hundreds, thou- 
sands, millions, use the shorthand sign. 

four hundred seven thousand dollars eight million 

. SV-^ 



■H- C 7"6=r 



205. The advanced writer may safely omit any 
word in a phrase that must and naturally will be sup- 
plied to complete the sense. 

hand to hand more or less from day to day time to time 



It should be understood that words are joined, not because it is con- 
venient to join them, but because they belong together in a phrase or 
clause. The following rules present the whole theory so far as they 
refer to the proper joining of words, and the learner should carefully 
note the same. 



206 Rules for Phrase Writing. 

I. The pronoun is usually joined to a following 
verb. 

II. Words that modify, limit, or describe - are 
usually joined to the words modified, defined; or 
limited. 

III. Verbs are usually joined to one or more 
words following. 

IV. The preposition is usually joined to one or 
more words following. 

V. Conjunctions and adverbs are frequently joined 
to a following word. 

207. In the application of the above rules to phrase 
writing, the learner must have regard to the follow- 
ing cautions: 

(a) Do not join words which are not united in a 
phrase or clause. 



104 day's standard shorthand. 

(b) Do not use phrase signs that extend too far 
above or too far below the line. 

(c) Do not form phrase signs that are difficult to 
join. 

(d) Do not form a phrase sign of inconvenient 
length, even though it should come under the rules 
of joining words; it would be better to divide such 
into convenient parts. 

208. There should be no straining after phrase 
forms, and those words only should be joined which 
naturally belong together according to the rules given 
above. Whether you phrase much or little will de- 
pend upon your mental characteristics and the 
amount of practice you give to phrase writing; for, in 
order to make it advantageous and profitable, there 
must be much actual writing. Reading and study of 
phrase forms is necessary, but the writing of the same 
is absolutely necessary. 

Thousands of phrases can be formed by joining words in accordance 
with the directions given in this lesson, but to furnish a list of such 
would require a book containing more pages than there are in this man- 
ual. The practice of joining words as a daily exercise must not be neg- 
lected, but continued until "the common, every day phrase" can be 
written at a high rate of speed and without any mental effort to recall 
the proper sign. The learner must formulate hundreds of such phrases 
and write them many times. Proper and judicious phrase writing 
adds not only to speed but legibility, and he who neglects this important 
part of his shorthand course will find himself distanced in the race for 
proficiency by the one who does not neglect but wisely heeds the advice 
given. 

208. In order to form a number of desirable phrase 
signs the following suggestions should be carefully 
noted: 

(a) Small words like of, to, etc., and occasionally 
some of the pronouns, are omitted. 

(b) For the sake of legibility, the letter and the 
pronoun / may be expressed by a small circle with a 



day's standard shorthand. 105 

line written partly or completely through the circle; 
it is practically the diphthong OU except as to the 
size of tbe circle. 

(c) The phrase may be, in accordance with the 
principle of lengthening M at the end of a word to add 
PorB, may be expressed by writing that sign on the 
line; that is, M considerably lengthened. 

(d) So, in a phrase, may be sometimes written to 
the left, instead of its regular sign to the right. 

(e) See and say, when in a phrase, may be written 
to the left, but when so written the vowel must be 
joined. 

(f) In a phrase, time is occasionally written with 
the syllable tern. 

The list of phrases given below are termed Special or Irregular 
Phrases in order to distinguish them from phrases made up of words and 
word-signs joined together in their ordinary forms, a list of which will 
be given under "Simple Phrases." 

The nomenclature is not given in connection with the phrase signs. 
In learning or practicing the lists it is not necessary to proceed in the 
manner outlined for learning the word-signs, but as follows: Speak the 
words of the phrase at the time of writing; thus, of the, of a-an, he 
should, with me-my, with him, you wish, etc. Copy each sign five or more 
times, writing it with care at first, then faster until it can be written as 
quickly as the phrase would be spoken by a good reader. 

Commercial and Irregular Phrases. 

c_^? acknowledge re- '^^ a ^ a ^ 

ceipt 



...c*er... 



1 

...pi. 



and a-an 



as good as 



as soon as 



•"p4*^ as soon as 

•C^*- as well as 



bill of lading 



io6 






day's standard shorthand 

f* 



bill of sale 

by all 

by our 

call attention 

call your attention 

cannot say 

cannot account 

^7?.^ .TT.... copy of my last let- 
ter 

...-r~*~Q day's sight 

.rrrrr. dear madam 



-k 



JL 

£.,. 



jZLu.. 



■— ? 

...8-6»^... 



..^.. 



..M 



*F 



dear sir 

■ deliver immediately 

• discount for cash 

. doit 
do you know 
do you think 
early attention 

. early reply 

. inclosed letter 
enclosed please find 
esteemed favor 
esteemed order 



Jk±, 



JC 



facts of the case 

few days ago 

first instant 

first time 

for it 

for our 

from it 

. from the enclosed 
letter 

from you 
■ from the last report 
goods not to hand 
general manager 



■U 

...d 

...f-£.. 



•^ 



had it 

- have it 

• have (ing) been 

. he should 

. I acknowledge re- 
ceipt 

. I am directed 

. I am requested 

■ I am obliged 

I am in receipt of 
your 

I am in receipt of 
your favor 



day's standard shorthand. 107 

'. , if you will oblige 

in consideration 



. I am in receipt of 
your letter 




„.^/ I enclose 

^..■■■ ; .. I had 

..^T....S I have no doubt 

j^^, I have to inform you 

....d^ I have received 

..J^O»-^. I shall be obliged 

...tcr^r^_(?. I shall be pleased 

...<^~ I shall expect 

...^TnTfa I w iH consider 

if you are 
. if you can 
- if you must 
• in exchange 
. if you will 



<c> 



4- 



...d 






^1^ 



in order to 

in order that 

in reply 

in reply to your 

in reply would say 

in reply to your 
favor 

in reply to your let- 
ter 

in respect 
. in response 

.. in reply we desire 
to say 

- in the matter 
in your letter 

- in your reply 

... in your reply to 
my letter 

.. in what 

- just as 



....h^^ just as well 

....c^rrC. just received 

....^^J^f. last week 

....^^^a^sd. last month 



io8 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

_tj«L- on the other hand 

ordinary rates 



"fcr 



lowest terms 
may as well 
may he 
may be abJe 
must be 
much obliged 

_„/ \ my dear sir 

r ..._. my last letter 

my letter 

./^kf.. necessary attention 

--^- no one 

— <^\- no other 

—■^a^/- now and then 



<J~? 



y 
J3L 

^r 



. of a-an 

• of all 

■■ of our 

- of your account 

.". of the 

.. on board 

•• on either hand 

. on the contrary 

. on the one hand 



our best thanks 



.^2r^L payment of account 



t 



■^ 



x~* 



-9: 

...JL,. 



"7 

„\i 



-Z_ 



— . per cent 

— - please note 

— - postal card 

.... price-list 

... registered letter 

■--- respectfully yours 

— so far as 
....some time 

— some time ago 

— sooner or latter 

... statement of ac- 
count 

... take pleasure 
... to a-an 

— to all 

... to do so 
.. to him 
.. to me 
to my 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND, 
to our 



I09 



-4 

..M^rrrd... 



to the 

to your account 
to your letter 
that time 



...<# the first 




the first time 
we are in receipt 



we are in receipt of 
your favor 



we are in receipt of 
your letter 



we beg 



we beg to call your 
attention. 



. we did 
. we do 



we had 

...£rr_r^ we have your letter 

...C^. we have received 

..Si we refer 



. we remain 



...k. 
? 



-^ 



-3 

-t 

..Md... 






t 

■IU- 



■■ we respectfully re- 
quest 

■ we trust 
. we wish 

we will be able to 

with him 
. with me-my 

with our 
. with regard 

■ you are 
you can 
you have 
you must 

. you shall 
.. you should 

you wish 
..your account 
.your attention 
. your favor 

your esteemed favor 



we regret to say 



day's standard shorthand. 



Reading Exercise. 



jjLI . S Z <* ■ ^ 



T ^=r 



X S dL / ^ n -n ^-^j ^ 



r. CT V^/ ^-^ T»-f V c__ j^V ^ 

^ Q t> -7T c <^V ' 



-* cr 



^ - c 



-£r 



-f/ K W f.\ ' / 



^- - // — a 



v^- 



day's standard SHORTHAND. Ill 

Writing Exbrcisk. 

The truth of the entire matter was acknowledged 
afterward by the representative. They anticipate 
much pleasure. Another intelligible transcript will 
be made out at the earliest possible moment. We will 
not anticipate the general question. Whether your 
time calls you to live or die, do both like a prince. It 
is inconsistent for him to further transgress the laws, 
which are indispensable to the highest good of the 
people. I shall consider it an accommodation if he 
will accompany me on the journey. We have your 
favor of the 4th inst. and regret to say we cannot send 
your goods before the first of the week. Your ac- 
count is now due and we hope you will arrange to pay 
it at once. We trust you will be able to come here on 
the first of the month as promised. We beg to call 
your attention to the enclosed bill which is now due. 
We have your letter of the 10th and in reply would 
say we cannot be at your place before the first of next 
month. We have received your check for $18.00 and 
the same has been placed to your credit with thanks. 
I shall be pleased to see you at the time stated in your 
letter of the 7th. If you will place your order with us 
we will fill it promptly and allow you our lowest terms. 
Your esteemed favor just to hand. I shall be pleased 
to receive check to balance account which is now long 
past due. He will recommend the passage of the bill 
at the next session of congress. By all means send 
copy of my last letter. 

Gentlemen: Having become firmly established in 
this city, and owing to the improvement in our busi- 
ness, which is rapidly developing itself, we feel desir- 
ious of opening an account with your house, and 
would be pleased to have you forward us your terms 
of settlement, together with a trade list of your publi- 
cations, and some of your complete catalogues, upon 
receipt of which, and your condition being accepted, 



112 DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

our Mr. Smith will call upon you and furnish you with 
all the necessary information regarding our business 
and standing. Waiting for your reply, we are, gen- 
tlemen. Yours truly. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW— SIXTEENTH LESSON. 

What is phrase writing"? What is gained by phrase writing? What 
does the simplest phrase writing consist of ? Where is the first word of 
a phrase written? In what direction is the tick for the written? Is 
the tick for the joined to the preceding or following word? In what two 
directions is the tick for a. and. and written ? Is this tick joined to the 
preceding or following word? How niay he and should be written wh«n 
joined in a phrase? When we. with, were and you cannot be joined as a 
semi-circle how may these words be expressed ? How is with him dis- 
tinguished from with me? In what position is with our written? How 
may you sometimes be expressed ? In what position are the pronouns I, 
we. and you written when joined to did. do and had? Repeating a semi- 
circle word-sign adds what? Enlarging the signs for which, were, what 
and would and writing tern in an oblique direction adds what word? 
Enlarging the word-sign for ye and your adds what words to these signs? 
What and would may be joined as final hook to what word-signs? When 
more convenient how may it be expressed? How may all be expressed? 
How may our be expressed? How is ing the expressed? How is ing a 
and an expressed? How may ing their and there be expressed? What 
phrase of two words is implied by writing words close together? How 
may to be implied? How are round numbers expressed? Give the gen- 
eral rules for phrase writing. What cautions are to be observed in 
phrase writing? If necessary, how may the pronoun I be expressed? 
How is the phrase may be expressed? How may so be expressed in a 
phrase when more convenient? What two words when written to the 
left must have the vowel joined? With what syllable is time sometime 
written. 



SEVENTEENTH LESSON. 



211. Miscellaneous Principles and Sugges- 
tions. 

In this lesson are grouped a number of principles and suggestions ' 
unclassified, and the same should be carefully noted by the learner. 

(a) It will be necessary occasionally to disjoin a 
syllable, especially where one straight line follows an- 
other without an intervening vowel, as in chimney 



day's standard shorthand. 113 

(CH-M:N-i;), enmity (e-N:M-it-i), and in every case 
where there are disjoinings in writing a word the parts 
disjoined must be written close together. 

(b) When M and N follow ~L, or R, a more con- 
venient joining is effected by curving the latter more 
than usual, or by giving the former more than the 
ordinary slant, as in born (B-O-R-N). In many join- 
ings M and N may safely be written but little above 
the horizontal position, and when joined to a down 
or horizontal stroke, whether in a word or phrase, may 
be written shorter than usual as in in which (Ni - 
CH 2 ), unfavorable (Ni -F 2 A-Bel). 

(c) Is, his, as, has, self and us in a phrase, may be 
written with the right or left-hand S according to con- 
venience. 

(d) Other, in a phrase, may be expressed by Ther; 
thus, no other N-Ther. 

(e) Some words, if the vowels are to be inserted, 
are better written in full than abbreviated, as in stave, 
S-T-A-V. 

(f) Preference is given to the left oblique dash 
for the syllable per, ber,pre and pro, rather than the 
right oblique. 

(g) When two vowels come together and it is con- 
sidered necessary to express each, it may be done by 
disjoining one of the two. See illustration below. 

(h) In a phrase, the hook on order may be made 
small instead of large. See illustration below. 

(i) After P and B. shon is better expressed by dis- 
joining. See illustrations below. 

(j) In some word forms S is better expressed by 
giving that letter a little "twist," as shown in the il- 
lustrative words below. 

iota payee my order option lesson mistake 



^ ^o £ ..:.. __rj±: /y... 

(k) H is seldom expressed by the advanced writer. 



114 day's standard shorthand. 

(1) When a stroke or two can be saved the ad- 
vanced writer frequently employs the primative out- 
line for the derivative, and the present for the past 
tense. 

(m) In some outlines it will be more convenient 
to make a sharp angle between K and 1^, G and R, 
etc. , instead of without the angle. 

(n) With rare exceptions, ous, ending words, may 
be expressed by S. 

(o) When preceded by figures, per cent, may be 
expressed by a disjoined S written near to the figures 
preceding. 

(p) You may be expressed by a final hook as illus- 
trated below. 

(q) Frequently W may be expressed by 00 as 
when followed by R, L or end, as illustrated below. 

(r) S, preceded by a hook vowel, may be ex- 
pressed by a back stroke, as illustrated below. 

send you war wall window laws 

- c^ <z^y 6 



(s) The ly termination in adverbs of manner may, 
with rare exceptions, be omitted. 

The phrases presented in the sixteenth lesson were 
called "irregular" because there was some variation 
in the outlines of many of the words from the regular 
form the word would take if standing alone. 

The following phrases are called simple phrases as 
they are formed principally of word-signs, or familiar 
words and word-signs joined according to the rules of 
phrase writing presented in the preceding lesson. 
They are only presented as an illustration and not as 
a complete list of such phrases, but rather to show 
the learner how hundreds of phrases can be formed by 
the simple application of the rules given, and the same 
should be followed in the formation of hundreds of ad- 
ditional phrases of his own. He should form the 



day's standard shorthand. 115 

proper sign for the phrases below and write them over 
again and again, and then form hundreds of new ones 
and practice them in the same way; this should be a 
daily practice until thousands of irregular and special 
phrases can be written as quickly as they would be 
spoken by a good reader. The following list is not 
presented in alphabetical order. 

212. A List of Simple Phrases. 

of the, in the, about the, about it, by the, all this, I will, from you, 
about yours, has been, by their, be there, I do, I am, we think, as many 
as, I think, after which, will be, all the, I do not think, be sure, there is, 
I was, be able, of his, I thank, I think, at their, and the, upon the, to the, 
to a, which you may, you will be, do you, what was, to me, we were, 
were we, with him, what we, would we, ye were, you were, I can, with 
you, were you, what you, would you, you must be, that is, that day, of 
that, you can, as well as, has not, is not. do you, what was, I said, at your 
place, we were not, be made, it is the, we had, at that time, been done, it 
will, at all, for all, do it, I am sure, at one time, up there, do their, until 
then, by your, by those, he was not, more than, sooner than, I may not, 
can it, I am sure, could not, by which, they have, it will have, by one, 
how many, by that time, before you, we may have, he has been, do their, 
call your, have you, if you can, in another, in his, in them, shall be, said 
there, that it is, shall never, such as, this date, what way, under your, 
this way, when you would be, they do, shall not, if you must, no doubt, 
have done, in answer, have you been, great measure, great many, we 
will be, from you, by those, by many, very well. 

Reading Exercise. 
/ / ' 1 C £— g; / 1 ^> N H ^s ^ x 



^ / yy^ cf. __y 






yy 



116 day's standard shorthand 

—!■? 



/ ^ ^ - /- y/ r ** %Mi 



^ e-~, - ° c — ^ 



^l^^iX^ ^.^"^ 



_£=^ 



. e r — r,, Ji C± ^ , //^ 

Writing Exeecisk. 

We cannot sanction such a foolish attempt. j The 
passenger says the destruction of the temple was com- 
plete. I will call and see you about the end of the 
week. He is one of the greatest statesmen in the 
world. We intend to give it our attention at the ear- 
liest possible moment. He was very anxious to re- 
ceive his exemption papers before the end of the 
month. The lady was anxious to purchase a very 
costly garment. The conductor gave direction to the 
messenger to call the passenger at four o'clock. Please 
let us know, sooner or later, to whom you refer. He 
said he would send to you for the money before the 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 117 

end of this week. The farm contains eighty acres 
more or less. He will allow him seven per cent. He 
may go home on Monday. 

Dear Sir: I acknowledge the delay in the payment 
of your account, but I assure you it is unavoidable 
and quite impossible for me to settle at present, by 
any means at my command, nor can I do so before the 
expiration of sixty days at least from date. As your 
letter is pressing, may I suggest a note from me for 
that time. If agreeable to you, please notify me, and 
when it becomes due it will be honored upon presen- 
tation. Hoping you will see your way clear to accept 
the note, I remain. Yours truly, 

QUESTIONS "FOR REVIEW— SEVENTEENTH LESSON. 

When one straight line follows another in the same direction without 
an intervening vowel, what will it be necessary to do? When M and L 
follow L or R how are the joinings made more convenient? When more 
convenient, how may the S word-signs be written? How may other, in a 
phrase, be written? Why are some words better written in full than 
shorthand? Which direction for the dash syllables is preferable? When 
two vowels come together how are they expressed? How may the hook 
on order be written when in a phrase? After P and B how isshon better 
expressed? How is S sometimes better expressed than by its usual 
form? Is H often used by the advanced writer? What may the writer 
do in regard to the primative and derivative words and the past and pres- 
ent tenses? Is it ever allowable to make a sharp angle between K and 
L and similar combinations? How may ous be expressed at the end of a 
word? When preceded by a figure, how may per cent, be expressed? 
How may you sometimes be expressed? When may W be expressed by 
OO? When S is preceded by a hook vowel how may it be expressed? 
When standing alone how may such be written? What is said about the 
adverbial termination ly? 

Suggestions. 

(a) "The mastery of any art as a whole must be built upon the sepa- 
rate mastery of each of its several parts." We do not know of another 
sentence that expresses so fully the idea we would impress upon you — 
the necessity of knowing thoroughly the principles of the system you are 
studying. Each and every part of the lesson must be known as well as 
you know your a, b, c's. If you are not able to tell the sum and sub- 
stance of each lesson, answer every question, learn every word and 
phrase sign, if you cannot do all this you may safely conclude that you 
have not mastered the lesson, and that it is necessary for you to go back 
and study it again. In this respect there must be no trifling with the 
work in hand, for "the mastery of each of its several parts" is the 
foundation upon which success depends. 



ir8 day's standard shorthand. 

(b) Taking it for granted that you have mastered the principles as 
noted above, a few suggestions will be given as to method of practice, etc. 
In the old system of shorthand directions were given for the manner of 
holding the pen, but as Day's Standard Shorthand more nearly resem- 
bles longhand than pen drawing, no special directions are needed, how- 
ever, if any directions are of any account in this respect it is to hold the 
pen so that the holder will point in a line with the forearm. Always use 
a pen; the beginner needs the best tools. 

(c) The need of writing from ordinary dictation is evident, but no 
less essential is the practice of writing separate words, to the end that 
the mind may be able to form the outlines quickly of new and unfamiliar 
words which you may never have written in shorthand, and your at- 
tempt to write them for the first time may be when they fall upon the 
ear in actual dictation in office practice. An excellent plan is to write 
words from a dictionary, writing for a time from "A," then change to 
some other letter. 

(d) During your practice you should devote a few minutes each day 
to writing your very best shorthand. This is not done for speed, but for 
the purpose of retaining a good style of shorthand penmanship, and noth- 
ing is so conducive to this as the copying of good specimens of short- 
hand prepared by some competent person. In this connection would 
say, the author has prepared ten lesson sheets that are calculated to sup- 
plement the text-book, and the same should be used by all teachers and 
learners. They are graded lessons on separate sheets, in shorthand, with 
key, notes of reference and full instructions for use. 

(e) In writing from dictation let the reading be just fast enough to 
press you to keep up, but not so fast as to cause a nervous hesitating 
movement of the hand. 

(f) Read everything that you write. Become familiar with your 
own shorthand so that you will be able to "read back" as fluently as if 
the matter had been written in longhand. 

(g) After you have attained amanuensis' speed it is only a matter of 
practice to attain greater proficiency in the art, and if you are ambiti- 
ous you will not be satisfied to rest on the first round of the ladder, but 
will climb higher. To become a law reporter you must practice in the 
court room, but before you go there it will be necessary to have had 
practice in writing f torn transcripts of testimony. If you wish to be- 
come a general reporter then practice in writing from printed sermons, 
lectures, essays, etc. 

(h) Learn to keep long sentences in mind. You are supposed to 
write words as soon as you can after they fall upon your ear, but the 
ability to retain several words in mind is absolutelv necessary. A good 
reporter will retain from twelve to twenty-five words, and some even 
more. 



day's standard shorthand. 119 

(i) Move the hand quickly from the end of the line back to the be- 
ginning. Use note books that open from you. Place the fingers of the 
left hand on the page above the line of writing for the purpose of hold- 
ing the leaves firmly. Turn the pages of the note book quickly. Don't 
leave unnecessary space between words. Don't write too large; a small 
neat hand is better both for speed and legibility. 

(j) If you have followed the directions for study given in the text 
book, you should now be possessed of such a thorough knowledge of the 
principles as to make the practice of shorthand writing easy, pleasur- 
able and useful. 

(k) The nervousness with which every stenographer seems to be 
afflicted when he first attempts to do practical work will disappear as 
soon as he feels that he is "getting it all down" and can read and trans- 
cribe it properly upon the typewriter when called upon to do so. 

(1) The best that any school or teacher can do for you is to teach you 
how to write shorthand and properly transcribe your notes. The real 
work, the practical part of the art, the end for which you took up the 
study, is to do practical work in office dictation, or in law and general 
reporting, and whether success or failure will be your reward depends 
upon the faithfulness with which you have followed the directions given 
in the text-book and those kindly given you by your teacher. 



EIGHTEENTH LESSON. 



Reporting Word-Signs. 

213. The following list of word-signs is not a very 
long list, but the words are of frequent occurrence, and 
like the preceding lists must be learned perfectly. 
The method of learning the signs has already been 
given, and the same should be followed in every par- 
ticular, as it will quickly lead to the mastery of this 
important part of the work you have in hand. 

214. The principles presented in the Manual must 
be thoroughly understood; this is evident to every 
student of shorthand, but no less important is the 



120 DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

writing, not only once, but many times, the exercises 
given for practice, and to impress this fact more firmly 
upon the mind read carefully the remarks below. 

If you should do one hundred things once, you would not attain any 
great skill in doing any one of the hundred things: but on the other 
hand, if you should do one thing a hundred times, you would attain 
great skill in doing that one thing. This shows the difference between 
learners who practice their exercises sufficiently and those who do not. 
If you expect to succeed, you must have patience to do many times the 
same thing, and under this head we quote from Prof. Bates Torrey. who 
says: "The student of piano playing is given a lesson once a week, per- 
haps, and it is expected that several hours a day shall be devoted to the 
practice of that single task. Such a plan faithfully carried out results 
in the mental discipline which leads to quick reading of music and that 
training of the fingers which conquers the difficulties of keyboard mani- 
pulation. 

•The same practice should obtain in shorthand study. Set a copy 
and work upon it with diligence. Impose a stint and practice on that 
one thing until head and hand operate so harmoniously that the writing 
is done quickly and well. 

•■True progress in shorthand writing does not consist in hurrying 
over a vast amount of matter: but more lasting benefit will result from 
dwelling a long time upon one task. Every piece of writing should be 
read. This is an indispensable requisite of proper procedure. Writing 
trains the hand: reading, the mind: both must be educated in this 
study." 



215. List of Reporting Word-Signs. 



...jdT^S able to. A* -Bel 

....%srr. acquaint-ed-ance . a- 

/ K3-eNt 

!* acquire. a-K3-I 

^7_ advance. a-D-Ys 

Q£i affirm. a-F"2-M 

yi amanuensis. a-Men 

" ^ 3-Ses 

.../_..... among. M2-NG- 



.....j. and so forth, (etc.) 

C and-S^-F 

...j^y. anticipate-ed-tion. 

a-eXts-S 

...Sk^?-.. any one, e-N2-one 

-/ apologize. Pel-J2-Z 

4> apology. Pel-J--i 

-y- application. a-Pel- 

K3 

—No appreciate-ed-ation. 

I per3-i-SH 



DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



i) 



...ji 



ascertain-ed, a-S2- 
Ten 

-oJ- attain, a 4 -Ten (vow- 
el close against 
lower side of line) 



attainable, a 4 -Ten:- 
Bel 

August, AW-Gi-S 
B 

bank, B-Ank2 
bearer, B 2 -R-R 
beside, B-Si-I 
better, B2-e-ter 
between, B2-Ten 



..^.. 



■ depart-ed-ment, D3 
P-AHt 



■ determine-ed, D2- 
ter-Men 



..Ncu^. develop-ed, Def 2 



disadvantage, D-S- 

J2 



discharge-ed, D-S- 
CH3 



/»>. 



' downward, Ds-IST- 
Ard 



E 



■ endorse-ed, N2-der 

S 

...3c\ especial, e-S2-P 

•• excellent, ex-LA-elSTt 



.•$*&• exercise, ex-R*-S-I- 

S 



express, ex-per2-S 



■X 



i 



cal culate-ed-tion , 
Kels-K 



■■■ $&\ certificate, S'2-e-R- 

x tef 



<j£^ February, F'2-e-B 



■i>- 



■ir 

-J- 






conclude, con:Kel2- 
OOd 



consume, con:S2- 
OO-M 



continue-ed-ance , 
con: Ten 2 -00 



correspond-ed-ence- 
ent. Ki-AW-R-S 



credit-ed, K2-R-ed 



'■£■ 



frequent, F2-R-K- 
eNt 
circumstance, cir- ^ 

cum (joined) S- (^ financial, F 2 -N-a-N 

ten-S 

clerk, Kel2-R •*■ 



..forget-ot, F2-G-T 
.. forgotten, F2-G-Ten 

...Q^. for instance, F 2 -N"-S 

...Qg?.. friend, F 2 -R-e-N 

...Ci furnish, F2-R-SH 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



t 

gratitude, Ger3-a-T ^O 



-A 

-^ 



grocery, Ger 2 -S-R-i 



...a... 



influence-tial, N2- 
Fel-oo 



inform-ed-ation, Ni- 
F-R 



integrity, eNta-e-G 



-■* guarantee, Ger3-a- J°~ . ... , , , T _ 

pivrt tt s~ mstitute-ed, N2- 

eNtiU Steh-i-ted 



hardware, Ard-Ws- * 
a-R — •<-■%. mvestigate-ed-tion, 

N2-Y-S 

• inclose-ed, N 2 -K 



-b" hand a^-eNd 

.^rf. hereafter, Ri-a-F3 

^^3* hereby, Ri-B-I 

heretofore, R>-to-F 
hopeful, Q2-P-F 



institution, N2- 
Steh-i-T-shon 



rt. 

<& 

.....<c... 



^ 



'&:_ 



A 



.... f r... 



hope to have, 2 -P- 

V 

household. OU-S2- 
O-Eld 

hundred, u2-eNd 

I 

inclosure, N2-K- 
SHer 

in struct-ed-tion , N 2 - 
Ster-K 

incon venient-ence , 
incon:V 2 -N 

indebted-ness, N2- 
det 

. indeed, Ni-ded 

• infer-ed, N2-F 

• infers-ence.N^-F-S 



-4- 



■k 

'~k=? 

L 

,A_ 

■•% 

/ 



^•• 



^ 



instruction, N2- 
Ster-shon 



journal, Jer2-N-L 

judgment, J2-J- 
Ment 

July, J3-00-L-I 

junior, J3-R 

justice, J2-Steh-S 
■ justify, J2Steh-F-I 

just as, J2-Ses 
L 

lawyer, Li-AW-R 
. legal. Li-E-Gel 



legislature, L-J2-S- 
L-A-Cher 



lenient, Li-E-eNt 
. leniency, Li-E-N-S-i 






^ 

■*&■ 



M 



DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND 

,. liberty, L-i-ben-T-i ZS..... 

... local, L-0-Kel2 *#.... 

M 
• madam, Ms-a-Dem 



123 



manifest, Man3-F-e- 

S 

manuf acture-r-ory , 
Man3-U-F 

. m°nuscript, Man 3- 
U-S-K-P 

March, Ms-AH-CH 
market,M3-AH-K-T 
material, Ms-a-terl 



mature-ity, M3a-T- 
OO 



. meantime, Men 2- 
Tem 



..I;... 

A. 



f 



../S... meanwhile, Men2-I- <4- 

morning, Mi-AW-R «£-.... 

./....!. mortgage, M2-R-G A^ 



notwithstanding, 
not-TH-Steh 



November, N2-O-V 
O 



-t 

n. 



occur-ed, o-Ki-R 

occurs-ence , o-K 1 -R- 

S 

o'clock, O-Kel'-K 
October, 0-K-2-T 
opposition, oi-P-0 



perfect, per2-F 
possession, Pi-o-Ses 



mistake, Mi-i-S-T 



HK- 



practice-ical, per 2- 
a-K 



practicable-ility , 
per2- a -K-B 



present-ed-ation , 

per2-S-eNt 



presume, per2-S-M 



....^l. natural-ly, Ns-a- 

CHer 



t 



..w^v negotiable, N2-G-i- 

V—\ BH-B 



,.^ r ... 



nevertheless, N2-V- 
L-S 






probable-ility , per 2 
Bel 



proper, per 1-0 



property, proper- 
T-i 



-<S\ neglect, N2-Gel 

•<^Y negotiate, N2-G-i- ■*> ■■ propriety, pro-per-I 



proportion-ed. pro- 
P-O 



profit-ed. per2-o-F 



I2 4 



DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 



±z... 

1.1 



■y 



...S-QS1... 

...^ 



V 



quality. Kwi-L 
qualify. Kwi-L-F 



qualification, Kwi- 
L-F 



quantity. Kwi-eXt 



quarter. Kvvi-AW- 
ter 



rapid. Rs-P-ad 



• remarkable. R2-e- 
AH-Bel 



. representative, R2- 
P:tive 



. repute-ed-utation, 
R2-P-U 



■ request, R-K2-S 

responsible-itv, R-e- 
Si-P-o 

..resume, R2-S-00-M 

S 

.. satisfv-edv-tion- 
tory,sa3-T-S 

■ separate, S-per2-At 
dt^s September, S2-e-P 

^. single-ular, Si-i-XG 

l^. somebody. S 2 -eMb-o 






recollect-ed-tion, 
Ri-e-Kel 



remark-ed. R2e-M- 
AH 






■■■*>■■ 
"£ 

ILL. 



sometime. S2-M- 
Tem 

special-ty, S2-P 

speculate, S2-P-K-U" 

spirit, S2-per-it 

statement. Steh2-A 
Ment 

success-ful, S2-K- 
Ses 

sufficient, R2-F-i-SH 
superior, super :u-R 
suppose, S2-P-S 
surprise, S2-per-I-S 
system, Ses2-Tem 

T 
tariff, ters-a-F 



~) telegram. Tel-G2 



~Z 



telephone, Tel-F 2 -O 
tenant. Ten^-eXt 



d-^_p .. territory. ter2-e-T- 
R-i 



text-book. T-es2-B- 
K 



^>- 

c^ 

b 

<*/. 



thereby, there-B-I 



therefrom. there-F- 
it 



therein, there-i-N 
(, thereof, there: of 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
....{^. thereon, there-o-N 



125 



.:£_^r. thereupon, there-P- 

..( therewith, there- 

with 

( Thursday, Ther2-S 

A-^ to-morrow, Tem 2 - 
R-O 



. total, Ts-O-Tel 
.towards, T2-Ard-S 



= A... 



-b- 



.transcript, trans :k- 
i-P 



treasury, ter-^ 
SHer-i 



..treasurer, ter-2-i- 
SHer-i-R 



..\^rrs. trouble, ter2-Bel 

■_ir_ trust, ter2-Steh 

.. TTr u ¥ Tuesday, T2-U-S 



.typewriter, T-P-R-I 
-ten 



-4r 



ultimo, ul-Tem2-0 



unaccountable, N 2 - 
K-T-Bel 



unavoidable, N2-V- 
D-Bel 



:,.A*.... 



unaccomplish-ed , 
N2- a -K:Pel-i-SH 



..unaware, N^-a-W-a 



...c^...... 

-H 

...^/ 



undertake, under-T- 
A-K 

unexpect-ed, N2-ex- 
P-K 

unnecessary, u-N 2 - 
Ses 

United States, U-S 
unknown, U-N2-0-N 

unpardonable, N* 
P-AH-Den 

unsettled, N 2 -S-e- 
Tel 

unusual, N3-00-SH 
upward. u-P2-Ard 

W 



..>a_£L warehouse, W2-a- 

R-OU-S 



-^A- 



...wr... 

..k±... 

% 



Wednesday, W«-e- 

N-S 

whereby, where-B-I 
wherein, where-N 
whereof, where: of 
whereon, where: on 
witness, W 2 -et-N-S 



withdraw-n. with- 
der-AW 



write, Ri -It 



126 day's standard shorthand. 

Reading Exercise. 



C" 



T" 



c y / ^-r- r ^ ^-^ .nc- 71 v^- 



^ ^ -rr L 






; ,^, ^u 



Writing Exercise. 

It would be much better if they would come some 
other day. We were with you early in the winter. 
What would you have us do with the money? You 
may come as soon as you can get ready. The goods 
I ordered last Wednesday have not yet come to hand. 



day's standard shorthand. 127 

I was very much pleased with the contents of your 
letter. Men spoke long before they wrote, because 
speech was easy. You were kind and considerate of 
the messenger who came with you. Until their case 
is disposed of, nothing can be done for him. By their 
own statement they would have succeeded had he 
been there as promised. They will be down there on 
or before Saturday of next week. It was at their own 
suggestion we were there on the first day of the 
month. Until they are of the same opinion concern- 
ing the matter to which I refer, it will be to their in- 
terest to remain at home. 

Your favor, with price list, received. I am unable, 
at present, to go to New York for the selection of my 
stock, and believe it unnecessary, as I am willing to 
leave the selection to yourselves. I enclose order, to 
which you will please give your earliest attention and 
forward with as little delay as possible, as per shipping 
directions attached. Send only choice goods, and 
draw at pleasure, deducting the usual discounts. I 
beg to refer you to Messrs. Moses & King. 



Vocabulary. 



All the principles of abbreviation for the writing of 
single words have now been presented, and no others 
are necessary or needed, however, the extent to which 
further abbreviation is possible by the omission of 
vowels and consonants, is limited only by the learner's 
ability to read words with the outlines shortened by 
such omissions. The extent to which this principle 
may be carried can be determined only by experience 
and practice, but in no case must it be carried to the 
extent of illegibility. 

Following the Manual, and considered a part of it, 
are ten lessons in shorthand, with key, together with 



128 day's standard shorthand. 

full directions for use, explanatory notes, and "point- 
ers' ' as to what j^ou are to do after you have completed 
the lessons. 

Practicing the lessons as directed, and reviewing 
the Manual, should now claim your attention. 

While the vocabulary is presented for reference and not as a list of 
signs to be memorized, still, it would be well to learn them, as a large 
per cent, of the words are such as will occur in ordinary dictation. The 
nomenclature has been omitted for the purpose of giving the learner 
an opportunity of "spelling," the word from the sign: and this he should 
do to the end that he may be able to quickly outline words, as the "out- 
lining"— forming a picture in the mind, is something that must be done 
before the word can be written. 

The list could be extended almost indefinitely, but it would not pay 
to add to it materially, except in special lines of work. By this we mean 
that when you know in what field of work you are to be engaged, then 
arrange a list of outlines for the words in that particular line. It would 
be a waste of time to memorize words peculiar to the hardware business 
if you are to be employed by a druggist. 

You can purchase for a few cents an alphabetical memorandum 
book, and we suggest that you do so. Under the proper letter write in 
longhand words and phrases you may have occasion to use, inserting 
after the same your shorthand sign for such word or phra&e. In this 
way you will soon have an enlarged vocabulary which will be of great 
value to you. 

The first thing for you to do is to be able to write in shorthand any 
word in the English language. When you can do this, there will be 
ample time to become proficient in some particular line of work. To 
this end you should let no opportunity pass to write outlines or proper 
signs for words. Trace them with pen or pencil in your note book, or 
with inverted pencil or penholder on an imaginary line, or even with 
your fingers on your knee, or in the air, any way, if the outline is only 
traced, to the end that the hand "may be [kept in tune with the mind," 
as someone has expressed it. 

Be ambitious to succeed and endeavor to become a good stenogra- 
pher. Don't get discouraged: what thousands of others have done, you 
can do. Read good books. Learn the meaning of words. Read the 
daily papers and as many shorthand journals as you can. Keep posted 
in all that is going on around you in the line of work in which you are 
engaged. Aim to stand at the head of your profession. 



day's standard shorthand. 
Vocabulary— Without Nomenclature. 

%y/l. apprehension 



129 



A 
. able to have 



T- 

-""XT 

h 

h> 

* 



*s- 



.. absolute 

• absurd-ity 
. accuracy 

. accurate 
accustom 

• acquisition 
administer 

. admit 



... „ ... ...^ adopt 

...?t^f advance-ment 

/?. affect 



....£.... 

-f 



t 



^p> 



.. effect 

affection-ate 

affidavit 
. aggregate-ed-ation 

annual 
. anybody 
. any other one 



....%/C. apprehend-ed 




130 day's standard shorthand. 

1 casual v-J 



t 

-IX—. chairman 



0-7 



>c 



chargeable 

.... citizen 

characterize 

.... child 



o 



•• children 
..L$S-- Christian-ity 



j=... 



i: 



:o.... 
...>q... 
....^ 

o 



■■■&■■■ 



v 






. client 
.. collateral 
. comfort 
. commercial 

comprehend-ed 
.. comprehensive-sion 
.. conform-ed 
•■ conformable 
■ consequence 

consequent 
. constituent 

constitute-ed 

constitution-al 

could there 



/£.. countryman 

aZ. county 

.Cv , co-operate 

^ court 

cover-ed 
cultivation 



■6 

Am 






..~*dc... 



...Ns^^V-- 



curious 

D 

dark 
. darken-ed 
. declare-ed 

defendant 
., defense-si ve 
.. deficient-cy 
. deform-ed-ity 
.. delinquent 
.. denominate-ed 
. denomination 

depart 

determine 
,.. develop 
.. directory 



7* 

tttttttI^V. distillCt-tion 

r^L,.. 



DAYS STANDARD SHORTHAND. 

disappoint-ed ~...g>i*s. explore-ed 

discover £:...... extempore 



131 



. distinguish-ed 
distribute-tion 
E 
. eminent 



<Lf 



England 
Jtt English 



. enormous 



^C*d. 



entertain-ed 
.. epidemic 
exact-ed 
. exaction 

exaggerate-ed 
. economy 
., example 

S exasperate 

„..^^\ exorbitant 

...CZ^J. expedient 

...&-.. experience-ed 



JH. 



■& 



extreme 



faculty- 
failure 



Q^.. family 



fault-y 

Iq^.. favorite 

footstep 



6^- 



...Q 

0^ 



■h 

■^ 

--£* 



...<C~t} explicit-ness 



formal-ality 

formation 

former 

G 

glorious 

glory 

gi*and-eur 

gratitude 
I 
. identical 

ignorant-ance 
. immortal-it y 



132 day's standard shorthand 

0[ inasmuch 






■4 



i- 



-4 

S 

^-1 



_£_ 



£2_ 

£=,.. 

H- 

hr 



inequality 

improper 

indifference 

individual 

indiscriminate 

innocence 

inspire 

institution 

institute 

instruction 

instructor 

intelligent 

intelligible-y 

intemperance 

intend 



joint stock 
judicial 
judicious 
. jurisdiction 






M 

memorandum 
memoranda 
merchant 
merchandise 
misfortune 
N 

^i. New Jersey 

*^- New York 

£— nobody 

y^zX. no less 

none, no one 
numerous 
O 
obedient 
obvious 
. observe 
obstruct 
occupy 
onward 



...^1. 



Q 

^V 



...K... 



opposition 
..Jiy, extraordinary 



day's standard shorthand. 

.,-, „....£t^ seriou 



133 







t 






— ^> 



"T 



. previous 
.. privilege 

punctual 
R 
. rectify 
. reform-ed 
.. requisite 

respond-ed-ent 
S 

said to have 

scientific 
. scriptural 



• set forth 
. signature 
. significant 
signify-ied 
social 

....AC. southeast 

....S^. southwestern 

----- V southwest 

— ->?- southeastern 

-:—£■- southern 



-Y- 

•-5k- 



■u 

P 

V 



S* 



..■zl2... 



stranger 
subsequent 
. substantial 
superintend-ent 
supply 

T 
temperate-ance 
testify 
testimony 
testimonial 
thanksgiving 



134 



DAY S STANDARD SHORTHAND. 




S. 


..* vice versa 


~£> 


vicinity 


/ 


Virginia 




W 


U 


water 


c/" 


with me 


. c _ with my 



unsecured 
V 



.^k. 



— ^-/^-"^ unquestionable-y ?__ with him 

..£4 various 



r^A 



workman 
workmen 
wonder 



■ As this is distinctively a work on Shorthand, we have omitted every- 
thing that does not bear directly upon the subject, either in learning the 
principles or the application of the same in writing. The principles, if 
thoroughly understood and put into sufficient practice, will enable the 
writer to report the exact words of the fastest speaker. "We have not 
burdened the book with instructions for the use of capital letters, spell- 
ing, punctuation, paragraphing, etc., as these are subjects which the 
learner is supposed to have some knowledge before he takes up the 
study of shorthand: still, if he has not, he should give his attention to 
some one of the many text-books treating of these subjects. The trans- 
scription of shorthand notes are, with rare exceptions, done on the type- 
writer, and the ability to do this at the rate of thirty-five or forty words 
a minute, is one of the necessary qualifications of the amanuensis. 



day's standard shorthand. 135 



CONCLUSION. 

In order to "get up speed" in .shorthand, there is 
needed practice, practice, practice; remember, it is 
better to write one article twenty times than to write 
twenty articles once Shorthand is of no practical use 
until it can be written at a fair rate of speed; and no 
less essential is the ability to read whatever is written 
in shorthand characters as readily as if the matter had 
been written in longhand. When the learner can 
write from ninety to one hundred and ten words a 
minute, new matter, correctly read and properly trans- 
cribe his notes, he can announce himself as a first-class 
amanuensis. 

A parting word to the learner is this: Don't get 
discouraged; don't get the impression that you can 
master a profession as valuable as shorthand in a few 
days; it requires patience and perseverance; and so 
does every art in the practice of which men earn their 
daily bread; and shorthand is no exception to this 
general rule. Whatever department of shorthand 
you intend to enter, whether as an amanuensis, law, 
sermon, or general reporter, resolve that you will be 
an honor to your profession by reason of the profi- 
ciency you attain. 



DEC 16 1904 



